Archive of Oncology covers resources on the mechanism, cause, and treatment of cancer including environmental and genetic risk factors, and cellular and molecular carcinogenesis
Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Erratum to: Comparation of animal models of acute toxicity of doxorubicin (Vol 31(2);3-8, 2025)
Background: Animal models are essential for research in biomedicine. The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is the most common and severe side effect of this potent chemotherapeutic agent, and in order to investigate its prevention, a large number of studies have been performed on animal models. Unfortunately, the models are not uniform and the applied doses as well as the effectiveness vary significantly, often with great animal suffering. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with saline solution intraperitoneally (group C), or with doxorubicin intraperitoneally in a single dose of 15 mg/kg (group G15) or 20 mg/kg (group G20). Body weight, mortality, the condition of animals, intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of antioxidant enzymes and myocardial tissue damage (using doxorubicin damage score, DDS) were analyzed. Results: Group 20, in comparison with groups G15 and C, exhibited the worse general condition, higher mortality and significantly higher intensity of lipid peroxidation. Both doses of doxorubicin induced a statistically significant decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared to the control group. Among the doxorubicin-treated groups, GR is significantly more reduced in G15. GST is significantly more reduced in G20 while SOD and GSH-Px do not differ. The DDS score indicates myocardial tissue injury in both G15 and G20. Conclusions: Both applied doses induce animal models of acute doxorubicin induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity. A higher dose is more suitable for studies of oxidative stress, but should be applied with caution due to higher mortality. A lower dose is more suitable for studies focused on tissue morphology.
Anticancer activity of eugenol from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells: in silico and in vitro evaluation
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Despite notable progress in the treatment options, the pursuit of effective natural-based therapeutic alternatives continues to be essential. Syzygium aromaticum L. (cloves) is rich in eugenol, a phenolic compound known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This study aimed to assess the anticancer activity of eugenol extracted from cloves against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using in silico molecular docking and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The cloves collected from Natuna District and Magetan District (Indonesia) were extracted through Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane and maceration with ethanol. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified eugenol as the primary component, making up 53.6% of the Soxhlet extract. The molecular docking results indicated that eugenol has significant binding affinities for AKT (-5.1 kcal/mol) and ESR1 (-5.9 kcal/mol), two essential proteins involved in the proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells. Cytotoxicity assessments using the MTT assay revealed a dose-dependent decrease in MCF-7 cell viability, with notable inhibition occurring at concentrations between 15.625 and 2.000 ppm. These results suggest that the eugenol-rich clove extract demonstrates promising anticancer potential by exerting direct cytotoxic effects and influencing key molecular targets within the breast cancer signalling pathway.
Gigantic hip mass as the initial presentation of hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis
Introduction: Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoural calcinosis (HFTC) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by ectopic calcium phosphate deposition around the joints due to mutations affecting phosphate regulation. Case outline: We report a 7-year-old boy who presented with hip pain and swelling, mimicking malignancy. Imaging revealed a large lobulated soft tissue mass involving the left iliac fossa and pelvic musculature. The FDG-PET and MRI findings suggested a neoplastic lesion, but the FNAC revealed only calcific debris. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated serum phosphorus levels and low PTH. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous likely pathogenic mutation in GALNT3 (c.840T>A; p.Cys280Ter). Medical management included phosphate binders and acetazolamide. Despite initial improvement, recurrence occurred one year later. Surgical options were deemed high-risk and conservative treatment was continued. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering HFTC in the differential diagnosis of calcified soft tissue masses in children and the role of genetic testing in diagnosis and management.
Multidisciplinary surgical approach in the treatment of giant mucinous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma
Introduction: Giant ovarian tumors (>20 cm) are not common and often present late, with organ compression symptoms and increased abdominal girth. Early diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific complaints until tumors reach massive dimensions. Case Presentation: A 49‑year‑old woman presented with progressive abdominal distension over, as she claimed, four months, culminating in a 180-cm abdominal circumference that impaired mobility and caused orthopnea. Contrast‑enhanced CT demonstrated a 54 × 26 × 25 cm cystic mass of ovarian origin, with focal wall thickening up to 5.6 cm, displacing abdominopelvic organs and elevating diaphragm. After multidisciplinary consultation, a midline laparotomy was performed. Controlled puncture and aspiration yielded approximately 53 L of mucinous fluid. A right adnexectomy was performed, and frozen‑section analysis indicated a borderline mucinous tumor. The operation continued with total hysterectomy, left adnexectomy, and partial omentectomy. Abdominal closure was achieved by abdominal and plastic surgeons: excess fascia and skin were excised, a synthetic mesh was placed, and abdominoplasty was performed. Definitive histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed right ovary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma without capsular surface involvement or lymphovascular invasion, staged as FIGO IC1. The patient received six cycles of adjuvant paclitaxel–carboplatin. At one‑year follow‑up, the patient exhibited no evidence of recurrence and satisfactory abdominal contour. Conclusion: Management of giant ovarian tumors demands meticulous preoperative planning and a coordinated multidisciplinary team. Surgical challenges include safe tumor decompression, accurate intraoperative diagnosis, and specialized abdominal wall reconstruction including gynecologic, abdominal, and plastic surgical expertise. Keywords: giant ovarian tumors, borderline ovarian tumor, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
Management of giant desmoid type fibromatosis of abdominal wall
Introduction. Desmoid type fibromatosis (DT) represents a rare benign tumor formations characterized with local aggressive behaviour, but absence of metastatic potential. Histologically they are often misdiagnosed leading to unnecessary radical surgery. Even with proper diagnose there are different approaches and not clear protocols for treatment of DT. Case report. The study presents the case of 33-year-old male that presented in emergency department with large swelling of abdominal wall that was present for two years. Ultrasound was done and abdominal swelling was described by radiologist as ventral hernia. After further radiological studies (CT scan and magnetic resonance) diagnosis of tumour of abdominal wall was established. Biopsy led to diagnose of sarcoma. Surgery was planned as tumour was growing rapidly reaching around 30 cm and producing necrosis of abdominal wall skin. After resection of 8.5kg of tumour and clinically clear margins defect was reconstructed by placing polypropylene mesh and darn Nylon suture with local rotational skin flap. In the postoperative days an infection of surgical wound developed. Infection was resolved in two weeks without further complications. The definitive histopathological diagnoses was desmoid type fibromatosis. Conclusion. Active surveillance is considered today as most acceptable strategy in treatment of DT. Better understanding of genetic alterations which are in base of DT and determining prognostic factors that favour aggressive behaviour, will lead to creation of appropriate individual strategy and tailored therapy for every patient.
Acceptance of human papilloma virus self-testing in cervical cancer prevention among rural Nigerian women
Background: This study investigates the knowledge and acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-testing among rural women in Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria, aiming to address the growing public health concern of cervical cancer. With 9,922 new cervical cancer cases annually in Nigeria, late diagnosis and suboptimal treatment contribute to high mortality rates. Methods: The study involved 220 women who performed HPV self-sampling alongside physician-conducted visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and reported preference. Results: The results reveal inadequate cervical cancer awareness (55.5%) and low HPV knowledge (20.9%), particularly among women with incomplete education. While 80.9% of women preferred VIA, only 49.1% found HPV self-sampling feasible. Notably, self-testing was more accepted among divorced, separated, and widowed women. Conclusion: The efforts to improve education and awareness about the causative role of HPV in cervical cancer awareness are crucial to enhance its utilization and acceptance in rural settings.
Comparation of animal models of acute toxicity of doxorubicin
Coexistence of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and polycythemia vera
We report a rare case of coexistence of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and polycythemia vera (PV) in a patient initially diagnosed and treated for CLL. A 61-year-old man presented with fatigue and night sweats, with laboratory tests showing elevated haemoglobin, hematocrit (HCT), leukocyte count and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood smear revealed lymphocytosis with basket cells, and flow cytometry confirmed CLL (RAI stage II). FISH analysis was negative for del13q, del11q, trisomy 12, del 17p and del6q. Chemotherapy was started because of B symptoms. Persistent splenomegaly and elevated HCT at follow-up prompted further evaluation, which revealed a JAK2 V617F mutation and an erythropoietin (EPO) level <1 mIU/mL, confirming PV. The patient achieved remission for CLL, but required hydroxyurea and acetylsalicylic acid for PV. The coexistence of CLL and PV is rare and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood, although a common clonal haematopoietic stem cell origin or germline mutations are possible explanations. Although chemotherapeutic agents are known to induce PV, the elevated HCT at the time of CLL diagnosis suggests a pre-existing relationship between the two diseases. Therefore, elevated HCT in CLL patients should prompt consideration of PV.
The efficacy of durvalumab in locally advanced lung carcinoma
Background: The integration of durvalumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, as consolidation therapy following platinum-based chemoradiotherapy has redefined the standard of care for patients with stage III, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have not experienced disease progression. Although clinical trials, particularly the PACIFIC study, demonstrated significant improvements in survival outcomes, real-world data are still needed to validate these findings in routine clinical settings. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the real-world efficacy of durvalumab in patients treated at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, focusing on key clinical endpoints, progression-free survival (PFS), duration of clinical benefit (DoCB), and overall response rate (ORR), while exploring the influence of demographic and tumor-related factors. Methods: The study included 25 patients with stage III NSCLC, ECOG 0–1, and PDL-1 expression ≥1%, who received durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy. The treatment responses were evaluated using iRECIST criteria. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival metrics, and univariate Cox regression assessed the impact of histology, smoking status, PDL-1 expression, gender, and ECOG status. Results: A partial response was achieved in 36% of the patients, stable disease in 40%, and progression in 24%, with an ORR of 36%. The mean PFS was 19.8 months, and DoCB 25 months. Although the adenocarcinoma subtype, female gender, lower pack-year index, and higher PDL-1 expression suggested more favorable outcomes, no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: These findings confirm the clinical benefit of durvalumab consolidation in real-world practice, with outcomes comparable to pivotal trials. Despite the small sample size, the observed trends highlight potentially relevant prognostic markers. Expanding the patient cohort and extending the follow-up will further clarify these associations and support the evidence-based personalization of the NSCLC treatment.
Transcriptome changes and deregulated biological pathways associated with NF1-mutated pheochromocytoma
Background: Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is a rare tumor of intraadrenal sympathetic origin. At least of 25-30% of PHEOs have been found to be linked to germline or somatic mutations in the NF1 gene, which functions as a tumor suppressor. Despite the high frequency of NF1 mutations in PHEOs, the exact mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of these tumors has not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: A large-scale analysis of transcriptomic profiles and biological pathways associated with NF1-related PHEOs was conducted utilizing RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Results: A total of 21 differentially expressed transcripts (14 genes, 3 long noncoding RNAs, and one microRNA) were identified in association with germline and somatic mutations in the NF1 gene. The present study detected a decrease in the mRNA levels of NF1, as well as of its interacting partners, SPRED3 and EZR. Decreased expression of oncogenic microRNA miR-423-3p was also observed. Seven differentially expressed genes (SHC3, SHC1, STAT3, NF1, KSR1, NOS2, and ALDOC) were found to be overrepresented in a number of distinct biological pathways, including those associated with RAS and HIF-1 signaling, pathway linked to resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the growth hormone-associated pathway. These findings suggest deregulation of these pathways in NF1-mutated PHEOs. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate the consequences of NF1 mutations at the level of the transcriptome. Furthermore, they confirm a change in RAS signaling pathways in NF1-related PHEOs.
Complications in Surgical Management of Recurrent Vulvar Paget’s Disease: Treatment and Follow-up
Introduction: Paget's disease of the vulva is an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma, primarily arising from vulvar skin glands, with or without an underlying invasive adenocarcinoma. It brings low mortality and a high local recurrence rate and mainly affects postmenopausal women. Case outline: This is a case report of a 57-year-old postmenopausal woman, who had histopathological (HP) verified Extramammary Vulvar Paget's disease (EVPD) in 2014, and underwent a radical vulvectomy with a right-sided inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy and V-Y flap at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Nine years later, in 2023, the patient was presented with a biopsy HP proven EVPD recurrence. The recurrence was surgically treated with vulvectomy and bilateral fasciocutaneous V-Y flaps reconstruction. The operative HP specimen proved the EVPD recurrence with atypical cells on one edge of the specimen. Due to the infection-complicated healing and wound dehiscence, the first reoperation was performed, which included wound debridement and left-sided rotational flap. We carried out the wound care and toileting in the postoperative course, with antibiotic treatment. Due to infection-complicated healing, tissue necrosis and consequent dehiscence, the second reoperation was performed, which included wound debridement with granulation tissue excochleation and Tiersch-type skin graft. Conclusion: The patient was discharged 21 days after the second reoperation in good condition. A regular oncological postsurgical follow-up on the 3th and 6th month revealed no recurrence or deterioration of the general condition or local findings. The patient subjectively feels well and has no complaints or unwanted effects of the applied treatment.
Perioperative glycemia regulation for insulinoma surgery – challenges faced by the anaesthesiologist. A case report.
Insulinoma represents a benign, insulin-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, which leads to frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. Surgery is the definite treatment. However, the perioperative treatment of patients with insulinoma is highly challenging. We present the perioperative management of a 46-year-old obese male patient with insulinoma. As the patient reported frequent severe hypoglycemia episodes, the main priority of the perioperative treatment was to prevent hypoglycemia before tumor resection and to control rebound hyperglycemia after tumor removal. Maintaining normoglycemia was challenging during the regular fasting period before abdominal surgery, as well as during the intervention, as general anaesthesia masks the symptoms of hypoglycemia. Obesity further complicated the anaesthetic management, due to expected difficult airway management and central venous access. Glycemia was monitored in 15-minute intervals during surgery and in 30-minute intervals postoperatively, and dysglycemia was corrected according to the trend of variations. As insulinoma is a rare phenomenon with an unpredictable clinical course, current reportings regarding the anaesthetic management of patients with this pathology are relatively lacking. Therefore, our case report could contribute to expanding the limited data about the perioperative treatment of patients with this condition.
Effects of Different Arm Immobilization Methods on Set-Up Accuracy in Photon and Proton Radiotherapy Techniques for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Purpose: This study aimed to review the effects of different arm immobilization methods on set-up accuracy in photon and proton radiotherapy techniques for breast cancer with supraclavicular lymph node (LN) involvement. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using a comprehensive literature search of English-language sources from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Medline databases, with no restrictions on publication date. Two independent reviewers assessed and screened titles and abstracts for inclusion. Results: Following screening and eligibility determination, 14 articles were included. Of these, 11 studies focused on photon radiotherapy (8 in the supine position and 3 in the prone position), while 3 studies examined proton radiotherapy. Conclusion: For the supine position, the "both hands above the head" method demonstrated superior set-up accuracy. In the prone position, the crawl position combined with the deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) method outperformed other approaches. In proton radiotherapy for breast cancer, both "hands-up" and "hands-down" methods yielded equivalent results.
Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Microsatellite Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Stage II and Stage III Disease: Single-Centre Experience
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a crucial biomarker with prognostic and predictive value, influencing treatment decisions in CRC. Methods: This retrospective study investigated the impact of the MSI status on clinical outcomes in 184 CRC patients treated at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina between 2018 and 2023. The MSI status was determined using the immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch repair proteins. Results: Among the cohort, 75% of tumors were microsatellite-stable (MSS), 4.3% exhibited low MSI (MSI-L), and 20.6% displayed high MSI (MSI-H). MSI-H tumors were significantly associated with right-sided CRC, mucinous differentiation, and female gender (p<0.05). The survival analyses revealed that the MSI-H patients with stage II disease had significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than the MSS counterparts (p=0.024 and p=0.006, respectively). Conversely, the MSI-H status in stage II patients receiving adjuvant therapy was linked to shorter DFS (p=0.000), highlighting the limited benefit from 5-fluorouracil-based regimens. In stage III CRC, the MSI status did not significantly affect DFS or OS. Conclusion: These findings underscore the dual role of MSI as a favorable prognostic marker in early-stage CRC and a predictor of the reduced benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II disease. This study emphasizes the need for individualized treatment strategies based on the MSI status and supports the potential integration of immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting for MSI-H CRC.
Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 and Other Inhibitory Receptors Expressed by Regulatory T Cells as a Restraining Factor of Checkpoint Therapy
SUMMARY The effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapies focused on the antitumor immune response restoration in the treatment of melanoma and several other tumors has renewed trust in immunotherapy potential. Despite inspiring enthusiasm that led both to the expansion of indications for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and to an explosive growth in trials of new immune checkpoint inhibitors, a number of unresolved problems remain: relatively low response rates to existing drugs, development of acquired resistance, tumor progression and immune-mediated adverse events. Both the response to anti-checkpoint therapy and possible adverse reactions are based on quantitative and functional changes in malignant cell clones, tumor microenvironment and immune cells. An indispensable role in these interactions is played by regulatory T cells (Tregs), a heterogeneous population of CD4+ T lymphocytes capable of suppressing the immune response. It is known that, like conventional T cells, Tregs up-regulate several checkpoint receptors, including PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3. However, the biological relevance of such expression and the consequences of Treg checkpoint blockade are vague, as data from in vitro and clinical observations are contradictory. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of inhibitory checkpoint receptor expression by Treg populations and their relationship with the effects of treatment with checkpoint inhibitors.
Seroprevalence and Risk of Toxoplasma gondii Reactivation in Pediatric Patients with Hematological Malignancies Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Case-Control Study
Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, affects around 40% of the Iranian population and can be severe in vulnerable patients, such as those receiving chemotherapy. In this study, the titers of IgG and IgM antibodies in 92 children treated for chemotherapy have been compared with 92 matched controls. We also looked into demographic and lifestyle factors in association with the antibody levels as a contribution to the development of improved preventive and management techniques. Methods: In this case-control study conducted at Shahid Madani Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran, blood samples of both groups were tested for IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by ELISA. Participants were selected randomly, and demographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were obtained from structured interviews and from the hospital records. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, considering p-values less than 0.05 as significant. Approval for ethics was obtained, and informed consent was provided by the guardians. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of IgG antibodies was significantly higher in chemotherapy patients (35.9%) compared to the controls (14.1%), indicating a strong association between immunosuppression and elevated IgG levels (p = 0.001, OR = 2.026). No significant difference in IgM antibodies was found, suggesting that chemotherapy increases the risk of reactivation rather than new infections. Subgroup analysis showed that IgG positivity was more common in younger immunocompromised patients (under 10 years old). However, factors such as gender, residence, and dietary habits did not significantly affect IgG or IgM positivity. In the control group, urban residents had a higher IgG positivity rate than rural ones. Conclusion: In conclusion, pediatric patients who have undergone chemotherapy are more prone to chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Serological tests and prevention measures must be carried out regularly to reduce the risk of reactivation in such patients.
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI RADS) - why we don’t use it correctly in the region?
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI RADS) is used for the standardization of radiological reports in breast imaging, created by the American college of radiology (ACR). Standardized reports allow breast lesion characterization, malignancy risk assessment, and facilitate communication between doctors. The system is made for everyday clinical practice with the aim to improve the quality of diagnostics and anticipate comparison of results with colleagues from another health institutions, while in Serbia to assist in communication with colleagues from the region. BI RADS system is composed of a lexicon recommendations for structured radiological reporting and further management. Most of the health institutions in Serbia and surrounding countries use it, but in everyday clinical practice the system is not correctly implemented in all institutions. During daily imaging procedures we see radiological reports coming from different institutions in the region. Some of them clearly show that the system is misunderstood and not implemented in a correct way. Our aim is to evaluate the use of BI RADS system in everyday clinical practice in Serbia and region, to explain why it is not used correctly, to point out the most common mistakes made, with the desire to make the system work adequately.
The role of stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of the local recurrence of colorectal cancer - a case report
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment involves surgery and chemotherapy, while radiotherapy is used in the treatment of tumors localized in the pelvis. Stereotactic radiotherapy allows the delivery of high, ablative radical radiotherapy doses to target volumes, with a reduced risk to the surrounding organs, making it suitable for irradiating localized disease. A 59-year-old female S.M. presented to the doctor due to the appearance of a perianal fistula. Colonoscopy was performed, revealing a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination diagnosed a tumor lesion of the rectosigmoid junction with a perilesional abscess collection and several fistulous channels communicating with the perianal skin. The patient underwent surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy. A follow-up MRI examination 8 months after surgery revealed a soft tissue lesion in the perianal tissue characterized as a recurrence of the disease, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) was applied. Six months after SBRT follow-up examinations indicated a complete clinical response to radiotherapy without the recurrence of the primary disease. Stereotactic radiotherapy can be applied as an effective and safe ablative technique, particularly when considering the significant morbidity and impairment of the quality of life in patients after surgical treatment.
Case report on paratesticular sarcoma and a focused review of the literature
Insidious, usually painless, and rare inguinoscrotal masses arising from paratesticular elements (spermatic cord, epididymis, tunica or the stroma) are known as paratesticular tumors. The overall incidence is less than 5%, and the total number of giant (>10cm) paratesticular liposarcomas is less than 300 cases recorded since 2020. We report a similar clinical dilemma of a giant scrotal mass managed via a wide local resection and close surveillance in a 61 year old male. However, owing to its rarity, there is no fixed treatment protocol; hence, a supplementary review of similar cases is discussed here.
Comparison of microvascular density in cervical carcinoma in relation to predictive pathohistological parameters
Objective: The occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumors are closely linked to angiogenesis, which is reflected by tumor microvessel density. The aim is to analyze microvascular density (MVD) in groups of patients with high grade squamos intraepithelial lesions (H-SIL), and cervical carcinoma, and to compare MVD in relation to the degree of tumor differentiation, size, presence of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases. Materials and methods: The study was retrospective, conducted on histopathological samples of 109 patients who underwent hysterectomy with/without adnexectomy. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the histopathological results: group A - patients with H-SIL, and B with cervical cancer. The control group included surgically treated patiens with benign uterine diseases. Based on hematoxylin/eosine staining, representative sample was chosen for immunohistochemistry, and the analysis of CD34 antigen expression and measurement of MVD were done. Results: In order to subdivide groups according to the low (L) and high (H) MVD, in control, group A, and B, with mean MVDs 2.2; 9.85 and 17.19, respectively, a cut-off values were determined. In the control group, LMVD 100% was measured. There were 7 (21.21%) in group A and 29 patients (63.04%) in group B with HMVD. A statistically significant difference was confirmed by comparing HMVD and LMVD in cervical cancer patients with lymph nodes metastasis (p<0.029). In the subgroup of patients with other worse pathohistological prognostic factors, a tumor size greater than 2 cm, depth of stromal invasion ˃10 mm, infiltration of “isthmus” of the uterus, a difference with no statistical significance was confirmed. Conclusion: Invasive cervical cancers are characterised by a significantly higher mean values of MVD compared to H-SIL. Significantly more often, HMVD is associated with the presence of lymph node metastases and histopathological parameters of poor prognosis.