Abstract
Today immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as a-CTLA4, a-PD-1, and a-PD-L1 antibodies is standard for the treatment of many solid tumors and haematological malignancies. Side effects of these drugs can be general, non-specific (weakness, infusion-related reactions) or specific, so-called immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Specific side effects are results of the mechanism of action of these drugs, which is non-specific activation of immune system. Clinically, they manifest as organ and tissue inflammation. Almost all organ and system can be affected by irAEs, although side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, skin, liver, endocrine glands and lungs are the most common. The side effects of checkpoint inhibitors are usually transient and mild, but can be also serious or even fatal. The lecture will present general principles for early identification, evaluation and control of irAEs, recommendations from published clinical practice guides, authors' previous clinical experience and open questions that still pose a challenge in clinical practice.
References
- Autori zadržavaju autorska prava i pružaju časopisu pravo prvog objavljivanja rada i licenciraju ga "Creative Commons Attribution licencom" koja omogućava drugima da dele rad, uz uslov navođenja autorstva i izvornog objavljivanja u ovom časopisu.
- Autori mogu izraditi zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju članka objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je članak izvorno objavljen u ovom časopisu.
- Autorima je dozvoljeno i podstiču se da postave objavljeni članak onlajn (npr. u institucionalni repozitorijum ili na svoju internet stranicu) pre ili tokom postupka prijave rukopisa, s obzirom da takav postupak može voditi produktivnoj razmeni ideja i ranijoj i većoj citiranosti objavljenog članka (Vidi Efekti otvorenog pristupa).