CM: Communication and Media ISSN 2466-541X; 2466-5452 (Online)
Časopis CM: Communication and Media objavljuje originalne naučne radove i pregledne radove iz oblasti komunikologije, medijskih studija, upravljanja komunikacijom, odnosa s javnošću i advertajzinga. Pored toga CM objavljuje i aktuelne stručne radove, kratka i prethodna saopštenja, iskustva iz prakse, prevode i prikaze. CM izlazi dva puta godišnje. Kao jedini časopis iz oblasti komuniciranja i medija u Srbiji, CM ima za cilj uspostavljanje veza između domaćeg i inostranog naučno-istraživačkog rada, kao i promociju mladih istraživača i njihovih kvalitetnih radova. Dinamične promene u medijskom prostoru Srbije i balkanskih zemalja, kao i međunarodni medijski trendovi i izazovi predstavljaju posebnu oblast na koju se CM fokusira.
Institut za usmeravanje komunikacija, Novi Sad
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New journalism: solutions oriented journalism
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Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Journalism aimed at reflection and finding solutions to social problems is expanding at a time when the world is facing numerous challenges such as the reduction of financial resources and a potential economic crisis, climate change, the consequences of a global pandemic and pronounced social inequality. The text examines the scope and application of solution oriented journalism in the context of the new social role of journalists, which is reflected in inspiring citizens to fight for change, raising awareness of social irregularities and encouraging action. The possibilities and scope of socially responsible journalism are analyzed. The goal of the paper is to point out the real scope of modern journalism, which should identify problems and conflicts in the community and provide appropriate solutions. The paper examines the specifics of solution oriented journalism in relation to related journalistic approaches and analyzes the ways in which stories are structured within this approach. An analysis of the application of solution oriented journalism in journalistic practice in Serbia was conducted. The method used for the research is an in-depth interview. The conducted research indicates that professional journalism in Serbia faces numerous challenges and that few journalists have enough knowledge, resources, support and willingness to initiate solutions in complex social circumstances. The conclusion is that complete changes are necessary in society and in the profession itself, so that more journalists in Serbia are directed towards in-depth research into solutions.
Copyright (c) 2024 CM: Communication and Media ISSN 2466-541X; 2466-5452 (Online)
The impact of the gender-influenced perception of nonverbal communication cues on the effectiveness of women’s entrepreneurial leadership
The communication process, due to its high complexity, is affected by a great number of external factors. This especially holds true for the nonverbal aspect of the communication process, in which the messages transmitted often get distorted through the interference of various elements one would not, at first, deem relevant to the process. Such is the case, among other things, with gender-stereotypical social norms. These norms are an important part of the overall socialization process, influencing the lives of all people throughout their lives. However, this also makes their effect exceptionally strong and visible, and not always in a positive way. The effects may be felt in the everyday life, but perhaps even more importantly in many business-related settings. Thus, the main topic addressed by this paper is that of the ways in which the influence of gender-stereotypical norms on the perception of nonverbal communication cues affects the effectiveness of women entrepreneurial leaders. In order to accomplish that, the paper first discusses the concept of entrepreneurial leadership; then, it examines the concept of nonverbal communication and its gendered perception; and finally, it addresses the impact this gendered perception of nonverbal cues has on the effectiveness of women entrepreneurial leaders. Attention is drawn to the stereotypes associated with women, as well as their (in)congruence with the ideals of “good” entrepreneurial leadership, and the ways in which this relationship affects women’s success in roles of entrepreneurial leaders.
Copyright (c) 2025 CM: Communication and Media ISSN 2466-541X; 2466-5452 (Online)
REM's role in complying with the rules on commercial and political advertising
In this paper, we will present the role played by the Regulatory Autority for Electronic Media of the Republic of Serbia (REM) in complying with the rules on commercial and political advertising. At the very beginning of the work, we will present the legal framework, i.e. the legal basis on which the functioning and work of REM rests. This legal framework consists of several laws, of which the Law on Electronic Media and the Law on Advertising are certainly the most important. According to the Law on Electronic Media, REM should be, i.e. function as an independent and independent regulatory organization that, in a manner appropriate to a democratic society, implements policies in the field of providing media services, protects freedom of opinion and expression and public interest in the field of electronic media, among other things. However, many professional organizations, the interested public, citizens' associations and participants in political life in our country have been expressing various criticisms of the aforementioned regulator's work for a number of years. We will present these remarks in detail in the second part of the paper. At the very end of the work, we will try to make an objective and impartial conclusion about the quality of the work of the Regulatory Autority for Electronic Media with a special emphasis on non-compliance with the rules in commercial and political advertising.
RADIO IN THE NEW MEDIA ECOSYSTEM: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND LOCAL PRACTICE
The text aims to present the current state and changes in the functioning of radio media organizations (RMOs), while simultaneously summarizing their basic characteristics and contemporary operating models, with a primary focus on new technical-technological (TT) conditions that, like other media actors, predominantly direct them toward the paths of necessary transformation. Along with an overview of the specifics of this part of the media industry, its comparative advantages, and the adaptation process to the new TT environment, global trends in this regard and the situation within the domestic media system (in Serbia) are also described. Concurrently, new radio operating models are presented and analyzed, taking into account primarily the new TT framework of work, new audience habits, and the new way RMOs operate, while also presenting the key features of the local radio market. In this way, the goal is to examine the paths of transforming traditional radio into a modern radio metamedium of the 21st century, following the main thesis that success in this regard and the market sustainability of RMOs depend on their relationship with the new TT conditions and the use of inherent radio comparative advantages, while also adhering to responsible editorial policies and high-quality content. The objective is, therefore, a collection of diagnoses and recommendations presented in the concluding segment of the text, which can today be reasonably addressed to all media and other relevant actors who have an impact on the further development of radio media. This is reflected in three dimensions of their functioning in the 21st century: organizational, user, and the dimension of challenges within the local media environment.
The paper examines different notions of knowledge in an information society and argues that Manuel Castells’ theory of the network society should be positioned between the concepts of postindustrial and knowledge society. Castells explicitly relies on Daniel Bell’s conservative definition and discards Fritz Machlup’s understanding of knowledge. This puts Castells in a difficult position when it comes to evaluation of the network society’s social structure. Neoliberal anti-scientific and anti-Enlightenment definition of knowledge questions the fundamental split between the Net and the Self, the tension between information and social networks. Mundane, ephemeral knowledge of the common people is at the center of neoliberal perspective of market and culture, in contrast with the concept of the network society. The neoliberal knowledge problem is examined on three levels of Castells’ proposed struggle between information and social networks: power of identity vs communication power, mass self-communication vs hypertext meta-language; and culture of real virtuality vs the public mind.
Digital diplomacy on Facebook - example of the Embassy of the Russian Federation and the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Diplomacy has faced numerous challenges and transformations in the last ten years, especially during the coronavirus pandemic. Even outside academic circles, terms such as digital diplomacy, virtual diplomacy, cyber diplomacy, e-diplomacy, hybrid diplomacy, and Zoom diplomacy can be read or heard more often. The goal of the research is to determine how the embassies of the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of the Netherlands (in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Serbia) use the social network Facebook as a platform for promoting their own foreign policy goals, but also topics such as gender equality and the fight against gender-based violence. Quantitative- qualitative content analysis was used as a research method. A total of 54 posts published by the official Facebook pages of the embassies from November 25, 2023 until 10.12.2023. during the global campaign, 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence were analyzed. The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro had the most posts (31), and the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Serbia had the fewest posts (each had four). The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro had the most posts about the campaign 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence. The other analyzed embassies did not have any posts related to gender-based violence or the campaign 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence.
Convergence of professional and amateur coverage of Eurovision Song Contest
In this paper, the author is attempting to examine the relationship between professionals and amateurs in the world of Eurovision Song Contest reporting, through the prism of the concept of cultural convergence (Jenkins, 2006.). The sample survey is made out of 17 respondents from Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, ten of which are Eurovision fans who create content in their respective mother tongue and English language, five journalists, and two Eurovision commentators from RTS and HRT. The results of this research paper show that the professional media workers recognise the significance of the fan work, and that that same work is useful in their performance, while the fans describe the reporting of the mainstream media as sensationalistic, without delving into the topic, and oftentimes prone to mistakes. The fans, however, understand this type of work, and offer help with the reporting, so that the audience could have a chance to learn the most accurate information. When talking about the collaboration between fans and professionals, it is usually described as positive, and journalists do not see Eurovision fans as competition, rather as a good source of information.
Anxiety as a cultural paradigm of social media: Instagram as an example
Social media are one of the principal characteristics of contemporary, digital era. They have multiple roles – they are simultaneously a communication tool, communication space and a field for socialization and creation of meaning and value. The main hypothesis of this paper is that anxiety, although a term originating from philosophy, psychiatry, psychoanalysis and psychology, can be transposed into the domain of culturology and analyzed as a cultural topos. The second hypothesis is that anxiety understood as a cultural topos represents a cultural paradigm of social media. One of the most popular and widespread social media now is Instagram. Because of this, but also due to its specific functions and ideological background, we chose and analyzed this social network so as to demonstrate the workings of the culture of anxiety. We are of the opinion that such a view of anxiety could open up new perspectives on different aspects of the digital age we live in and point to the importance of developing critical apparatus and media literacy in users of new digital platforms.
The Phenomenon of Communication Strategies and Their Role in Global and Local Digital Communication
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Through a theoretical review and analysis of relevant literature, the study defines the concept, dimensions, and factors influencing their development and implementation. Special attention is given to the role of digitalization and globalization in shaping strategies, as well as the specificities of the local context. The paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of communication strategies and their practical application beyond the business context, to which the term is most commonly associated, while identifying key challenges and opportunities in the contemporary media environment. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for integrating theoretical knowledge and local <span lang="SR-CYRL-RS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: SR-CYRL-RS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">„<span lang="SR-LATN-RS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: SR-LATN-RS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">climate<span lang="SR-CYRL-RS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: SR-CYRL-RS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“ to improve the strategic approach to communication strategies in Serbia and within the broader global context. The analysis provides a foundation for future research and a more comprehensive integration of communication strategy phenomena tailored to the challenges of the digital age and the overall communication processes in modern society.
MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR OF YOUTH
Social media have a major influence on the daily lives of individuals, which is reflected above all in the shaping of social attitudes, the acceptance of behavioral norms and the construction of one's own identity. Children and youth are the most susceptible to this influence. Social media has not only brought numerous benefits, but also numerous risks for the mental health and behavior of young people. Indeed, social media has become a convenient place for marketing and sharing information about the use of psychoactive substances and gambling. The aim of this article is to point out the importance of social media as a factor that can influence the manifestation of addictive behaviors in youth. A systematic review of the literature found that social media influence the manifestation of addictive behavior in youth by presenting content, changing norms and attitudes, and providing opportunities for easier participation in risky activities. Frist, when young people are exposed to content related to drugs and gambling, they are more likely to engage in such behaviors. Second, content that promotes risky behavior, especially when such behavior is deemed acceptable by the (online) peer group, has the effect of changing individuals' norms and attitudes towards normalizing the manifestation of such behavior. Finally, social media provides easier access to psychoactive substances and gambling in various ways, which contributes to young people becoming more involved in problematic behavior. The above-mentioned knowledge about the mechanisms of influence of social media can be used as an important resource in the prevention of various types of addictive behavior among youth.
RISK COMMUNICATION REGARDING JADAR PROJECT - Between ethics, profession and politics
Summary: The paper analyzes risk communication in the context of the Jadar project - a mining venture of the Rio Tinto company for the extraction of lithium in the Jadar valley. The communication of key actors: the Rio Tinto company, the ruling political structures in Serbia, the political opposition and non-governmental organizations and experts is monitored through the analysis of timelines of key events, press releases and discourses of various actors. In the conditions of insufficient knowledge of the objective dimensions of the hazard, a sharp polarization can be observed between the supporters/proponents of the project (the company itself, the ruling political structure and part of the experts) who believe that the potential dangers are within the acceptable range, and the possible profit is significant, and other communication actors who stand on the diametrically opposite point of view. The aggressive campaign of the government and the company in favor of the project resulted in an increase in the number of opponents of the project, which is understandable in the conditions of lack of trust in institutions, absence of a culture of dialogue, high corruption and a divided society. In order to get closer to the ideal risk communication as an exchange of true information between experts and laymen, the responsible authority that takes care of the general interest would have to completely change the pattern of behavior and place itself in the role of facilitator and mediator that enables an open dialogue of interested parties on the media with a national frequency.
Internal communication in the function of business success of digital media
The importance of efficient functioning of companies or media complexes is largely determined by internal and external communication. External communication factors concern the state of the market and the readiness for a certain corporation to market its products in the right way, that is, in the media context, contents in a purposeful and marketing efficient way. The subject paper discusses the factors of internal and external communication, with an apostrophe on internal communication in order to grow media companies and achieve business success, both from the perspective of marketing campaigns and from the perspective of market visibility of the media. Some of the issues discussed in the subject work concern the use of digital platforms for the purpose of better promoting media companies and marketing campaigns. The work of the "Južne vesti" portal was analyzed using the case study method, while the potential of the digital public sphere in the context of succsessful target advertise was illustrated through the example of the marketing campaign of the "Xiaomi" company.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TV CONTENT AUDIO DESCRIPTION
Abstract: Providers of audio-visual media services, especially media public services, are obliged to provide the accesibility of TV contents to the blind and visually impaired. Legal regulations differ from one country to another, but at the core of all legal acts, in case there is no obligatory quota, there is the tendency to make as many TV materials as possible accessible to the persons with impaired sight. At the age of expanded programme offer through linear broadcast of basic and specialised TV channels, along with video streaming platforms and non-linear services, particularly of “videos on demand“ (VoD), the development and implementation of artificial intelligence are recognised as the tool that could provide, with the implicit quality, a wider contents accessibility. Media experts, just like the users, recognise the advantages, but also the shortcomings in practical usage, the concept that will be presented in this paper through scientific interviews conducted with the experts for the access services from European public service media, such as the BBC and TV France, and with a blind person, a specialised consultant within the team of the Radio-Television of Serbia for creating scenarios for audio-description. The aim of this paper is to use a case study, scientific interviews and analysis of technical-technological possibilities, current initiatives in the development of services for availability and new programme activities, to observe the benefits, as well as to point at the drawbacks in the current degree of implementing artificial intelligence and in the advantages of the presence of human factor in the process of adjusting the programmes for the blind and visually-impaired.
Book review: Rabbis, Reporters And The Public In The Digital Holyland.
Use of artificial intelligence in editing local online media
Artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to change not only the habitus of journalists, but also the editorial practices themselves. Faced with a lack of resources, local editors are trying to use the capacities provided by artificial intelligence, side by side, with colleagues from large media. However, financial vulnerability, lack of time for training and lack of staff stand as obstacles to the effective application of artificial intelligence in local online media editing. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to investigate to what extent and in which ways are the AI tools used in editing local online media in Serbia, as well as the specific challenges that local editors face in this domain. The research is focused exclusively on the application of AI tools in editorial processes, and its core are the experiences, decisions, attitudes, dilemmas and predictions of local online media editors regarding the use of artificial intelligence in online media editing. Key methods were an in-depth interview and a survey, in which participated the editors of the local online media 021.rs, In medija, Za medija, Kolubarske, Al pres, Glas Šumadije and Glas Podrinja. The research results showed that the editors of local online media most often apply artificial intelligence tools for copy editing and predictive analytics. As the biggest problem they emphasize insufficiently developed skills for applying AI tools and the lack of clear ethical rules in this domain. Thus, only two local newsrooms that are part of the research have guidelines for the ethical use of artificial intelligence, while others are still planning to develop internal codes for this purpose.
THE DISCOURSE OF BANNER MESSAGES AT STUDENT PROTESTS IN SERBIA (2024–2025)
Student protests in Serbia have been ongoing since December 2024 and grew out of public gatherings in November 2024 calling for political responsibility after the collapse of the canopy at the Novi Sad railway station, which killed sixteen people. In response, students held a daily memorial at 11:52am (the exact time the canopy fell on November 1, 2024), lasting sixteen minutes, that is, one minute of silence for each victim. In late November, several participants in these memorials were hit by cars in multiple locations in Belgrade, and in some cases the drivers who endangered them were found to be connected to Serbia’s ruling parties. All of this contributed to students’ decisions, from December 2024 onward, to suspend classes and block university facilities, while, at pre-defined time periods, organizing mass protests in various Serbian cities throughout 2025. At those protests a wide array of banners were displayed to focus public attention on the messages students wanted to send. The prevailing banner messages aligned with the values promoted during the protests: freedom, responsibility, anti-corruption, etc. The dominant discourse relied on allusive and ironic elements, often inspired by public statements by government officials, by popular culture elements (song lyrics, and film or TV lines), and by the “re-branding” of slogans from the 1990s protests, with the intent to evoke parallels and to link Aleksandar Vučić’s rule to that of Slobodan Milošević.
Media and Cybersecurity: Representation of Cybercrime in the Serbian Digital Space
Relying on the application of framing theory, a content analysis was conducted on 222 news articles published between February 2022 and February 2025 on three online platforms: RTS (the national public broadcaster), Kurir (tabloid daily), and Danas (a critically oriented media outlet). The articles were coded according to thematic focus, geographic scope, information sources, presence of educational content, and dominant journalistic frames. The study aims to examine how Serbian media construct representations of cybercrime and to what extent these representations may contribute to either the education or the misinformation of the public regarding this important issue. The findings indicate that cybercrime is most frequently framed through conflict and responsibility attribution, with particular emphasis on inter-state cyberattacks in the context of the conflict in Ukraine. Domestic cases, however, are often portrayed as technical incidents of limited political significance. It is important to note that, although educational content aimed at raising individual awareness of cyber security is present, it is often overshadowed by alarmist and simplified reporting. The study concludes that, despite recognising the growing significance of cyber threats, the observed Serbian media have not yet fully adapted their reporting to the complexities of cybercrime. The preference for sensationalism and institutional narratives over critical engagement may lead to a distorted public perception of cyber security. Nevertheless, the identified presence of preventive and educational messages highlights the potential of the media as a significant component of societal resilience in the digital age.
Preserving Literacy Instead of Strenghtening Media Literacy?
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Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> In today’s philosophical and scientific discourse on media, the concept of media literacy is increasingly mentioned. That term implies the art of effective use of new electronic media, which should also include a critical attitude towards them. ‘Media literacy’ thus becomes the fight slogan of a new critical thinking in the humanities. However, a closer examination of that term shows that it has its weaknesses: either it is tautologically conceived or the domain of its meaning is extended too much. The author starts from the position that the phenomenon of literacy is already elementary enough to be the subject of research in media philosophy and media science, because (extended) media literacy is also based on it. The starting point of a truly critical reflection on the media in today’s conditions should be the consideration of the reasons for the crisis of elementary (language) literacy. In support of his thesis, the author considers four aspects of that crisis – primacy of tactility, lack of attention, declining level of language culture and undifferentiated expression – and formulates the preservation of literacy in the sense of knowledge of language and the art of individual expression as a future task of philosophy and humanities.
STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARD THE USE OF FACEBOOK IN HIGHER EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE
In light of the ongoing development of digital technologies and the emergence of new social networks, questions regarding the use of Facebook in higher education are becoming increasingly relevant. Consequently, there is a need to reconsider the application of Facebook as a tool for learning support and communication during the studying process. This research aimed to investigate students' attitudes toward using the social network Facebook in university education. The study employed a descriptive method, with a rating scale used as the primary instrument. Data was collected from a sample of 314 undergraduate students at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš. The research results indicate that students highly value the potential of Facebook in terms of exchanging information and sharing study materials, while they are generally reserved and cautious when it comes to using this social network for learning purposes. Regarding the independent variables of the study (study program, average grade, duration of social media presence, and frequency of access), it was found that there are statistically significant differences in respondents' answers to certain items. The pedagogical implications of the research can be significant for improving and modernizing teaching in higher education through the use of Facebook, as well as other digital tools.
MAN-COMPUTER GESTALT AND THE NOOSPHERE THEORY: WILL THE COMPUTER BE HUMANIZED OR THE MAN COMPUTERIZED?
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QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Abstract: For the last several decades, internet has penetrated so deep in our everyday life and became the very essence of our being as well as of the way we function, so the question arises whether the internet has become an integral part of our life, or its users are just the factors of the global network system. Many scientists are trying to answer the question whether the moment of the internet taking over the role of the global consciousness is close. Artificial intelligence is used in more aspects each day of our lives, and the present testifies just how much people rely on the symbiosis with elements of technology with one foot in the virtual world. There are several directions of reflection regarding the future of interaction or symbiosis between man and machines. This paper deals with these concepts, gives the review of theories addressing the same issue and tries to explain the idea why the total control of the machine over the humankind is basically – not plausible.
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Poimanje slobode je jedna od centralnih tema celokupnog sveta filozofije, dok su mediji, za flozofsko-kritički pogled našeg vremena, novija oblast istraživanja. O slobodi u medijma neretko se govori kao da je reč o samorazumljvoj pojavi. Najčešće se o njoj raspravlja na osnovu segmentiranih, birokratski artikulisanih “standarda”, koji se uglavnom svode na bezlične brojke, odnosno relativno proizvoljna, kvantitativna merila. Nereflektovane pretpostavke su, pritom, mnogobrojne: na primer, da je sloboda medija, koja je, svakako, partikularna, makako ona bila definisana, jedan od uslova za slobodu zajednice, iako bi trebalo da važi obratno; jer, sloboda ili nesloboda medija, pa čak i izvesno, u poslednje vreme veoma izraženo, porobljavanje putem medija, simptom su zatečenog stanja u zajednici, a mediji koji su načelno industrija (kako mainstream mediji, tako i internet i društvene mreže) teško mogu doprineti bilo kakvoj ljudskoj emancipaciji, pošto bespogovorno služe velikim koroporatvnm sistemma i profitu. Uz to, oni su u poslednje vreme u znatnoj meri prožeti aktivnostima veštačke inteligencije, pri čemu su glavni poligon za njenu primenu upravo društvene mreže. Stoga je apsurdno očekivati emancipaciju putem algoritama koji su u savremenim medijma sve češće u upotrebi. Takođe, valja naglasiti da je slobodno novinarstvo takoreći proterano sa medijske scene, ako se izuzmu retki alternativni mediji, koji se sistematski guše i istiskuju iz javnog prostora. I najzad, kako se uopšte može tvrditi da savremeni mediji rade u javnom interesu (pa i za stvar slobode), dok Džulijan Asanž, simbol iznošenja relevantnih činjenica u globalnom prostoru, već deceniju biva zatočen, kao politički zatvorenk ili kriminalac, bez dokaza da je, preko portala Vikiliks, iznosio nestine ili poluistine, što vredi i za mnoge druge tragaoce za istnom slične njemu.
Copyright (c) 2022 CM: Communication and Media ISSN 2466-541X; 2466-5452 (Online)
POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN COMEDIES OF BRANISLAV NUŠIĆ
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> The comedic discourse is a very important hub where the elements of the political discourse are refracted, often in an ironic-satirical formulation. For our conditions, it is particularly important to examine the contextualization of political discourse in Branislav Nušić's comedies. There is hardly any of his work that does not represent aspects or a hidden view of political discourse. This imposes a broader interdisciplinary approach, among the first a structural approach, the interpretation of the represented macro and microstructures of comedy in which a narrative diversionary action is performed through political discourse. Hence, the conditional stylistic-rhetorical, intertextual and linguistic approach should be supplemented with elements of discourse analysis. This will enable an insight into the structural design of the comedy. Parts of microstructures from other contexts (social, political, ideological, literary, everyday) often have multiple parallel roles. One is the delineation and criticism of social reality, the other is the shaping of the fictitious world of comedy with important literary premises. Changing the context of certain microstructures conditions different behavior and interpretation, as well as significant humorous motivation.
Copyright (c) 2023 CM: Communication and Media ISSN 2466-541X; 2466-5452 (Online)
Crime news and ethics in Serbian press 100 years ago and today
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</xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> The public's attention in crime news and headlines about accidents and tragedies is not a trend of the new age. News from the so-called "crime chronicle" has been published in the media since the beginning of journalism. Although there is often no public interest in them, but rather a predominance of public curiosity, "black news" has always found its way to the audience through the media. Nowadays, especially in the media in Serbia, examples from this thematic area are most commonly cases in which journalists cross professional boundaries and violate ethical standards. Based on experience and practice in recent decades, numerous rules regarding reporting on criminal acts and personalities, who are direct or indirect actors in such events, have been established through media ethical codes and competent laws. The aim of this research is to establish what has changed in the Serbian media in this regard compared to a hundred years ago, when ethical codes were in their early stages without guidelines and precise rules.
On the need for dialectical thinking of media literacy
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Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> The text analyzes the frameworks of understanding the concept of media literacy in the time of dynamic technological development. The author expresses the view that media literacy must be understood as a dialectical concept. Connecting media literacy and lifelong learning is recognized as expedient only if media literacy itself is conceptually grounded as a set of knowledge and skills that are in constant change. The author suggests rethinking the content and goals of media education in relation to the perspective of the future development of technologies and social needs, emphasizing the importance of developing the ability to being sincerely re-connected with the dynamic socio-historical context. At the beginning of the text, contemporary definitions of the concept of media literacy are analyzed. After that, a brief overview of the historical development of the term is given, after which the needs and possibilities of dialectical foundation of the term are reviewed.
The challenges and perspectives of introducing online media subscriptions in Serbia
Despite the global trend of online media subscriptions, no daily informative online media in Serbia has begun charging for access to its digital content. The "Online Media and Subscription in Serbia in 2023" research study, conducted in October of last year, revealed that mistrust and low-quality media content are the biggest obstacles to the introduction of online media subscriptions in our country. The study found that 46.3% of respondents do not believe in what online media in Serbia publish. However, the research also identified a significant base of potential subscribers, with 31.8% of respondents who are intensively, regularly and occasionally informed in online media indicating their willingness to pay for access to domestic digital editions in the near future if they were offered content they perceive as worth paying for. This paper highlights the key reasons why online media subscriptions have yet to take off in our country, then the potential for charging digital content from the audience in Serbia, as well as the characteristics of media content for which the audience would be most willing to pay in the event of subscription introduction.
The necessity of redefining the concept of media literacy in the era of captological tools
Numerous definitions of the term media literacy aim at different areas of literacy in the media space, from its basic concept, i.e. the individual's ability to create media content and to understand it, up to the metalanguage of the media themselves and critical thinking of their content. Democratic societies have lost awareness of the importance of terms such as "manipulation" or "propaganda", these terms today sound archaic and as if they have no relation to current time, also we associate them with historical events and think that they have disappeared, but the real truth is that they have essentially changed their forms. Snuggled down in our stereo reality, relying on the protection provided by democratic procedures, we are living in an unreal world that is far from our reality, and our reality is pure capitalism that does not choose means when it comes to the fight for profit. Manipulation and propaganda have taken on a completely new form and a new tool that uses computer programs as a technology for persuasion, and the question is following: does the user's choice is his own conditioned by the media message or is the user psychologically changed so that his response would be the way the computer software wanted it to be? Understanding the importance of interactive technologies and their impact on the change of minds, attitudes and values of the audience, as well as their impact on changing behavior and reliability in predicting it, is nowadays more important than just thinking about the concrete definition of media literacy. The scientific field known as captology, the use of technology for persuasion, uses existing knowledge from social psychology, communication studies, marketing and other fields, combined with the development of new computer software in order to elicit predictable user responses. If we say that the user is manipulated by computer programs, we will not give a detailed description of this kind of user instruction, because manipulation is seduction and giving certain disinformation, influencing facts, while captology does it on a much higher level, influencing human instincts and the unconscious in humans, and it purposefully provokes the user's already suggested responses. Captology examine those computer programs whose intention is to contain algorithms that, based on data from other disciplines such as social psychology and marketing, will be incorporated into them, and that the intent of persuasion will be part of that product itself. Captology is focused on change of behavior or attitude due to human-computer interaction, rather than through computer-mediated communication. The behavioral techniques used today have been converted into algorithms that predict with great precision the outcomes of the user's actions, create the user's needs and trap him in the magic circle. The necessity of redefining the term media literacy is extremely important nowadays, raising awareness of the importance of captology and incorporating it into media literacy, as well as research in the field of practical application of captological tools today, requires the necessity of continuing research in this new scientific discipline.
On some problems of the concept of media literacy
The paper points out the challenges and problems faced by media literacy as an educational and generally public strategic concept, with a focus on the use of the term itself and certain terminological ambiguities, then on reductionist practices in the implementation of media literacy training, and the political and ideological instrumentalization of the idea. The challenge before media literacy is the reality determined by technological development and the tendency to quantify, schematize and automate media literacy skills so that they take on computer logic, without being grounded in critical thinking.
ANALYSIS OF COMMENTS – HOW DIFFERENT IS MEDIA CONTENT FROM THE COMMENTS THAT FOLLOW IT?
ABSTRACT The paper examines how and in what manner reader comments on media posts correspond with the text, as well as the content of those comments, their intended recipients, linguistic expressions used, and how they convey their stance on a particular topic/phenomenon/event and/or individual. Reader comments on media posts illustrate the extent to which the freedom they enjoy in the digital space can lead to discriminatory behavior, aggression, and various forms of verbal violence. For this reason, in this paper, we focus on the phenomenon of commenting on media content. The focus of this study is a current and pervasive phenomenon concerning audience comments on media content in the digital sphere. For the purposes of this research, comments on texts of the same topic, published on the portal and Facebook page of one media outlet, were analyzed for both 2020. and 2022. This research aims to provide an authentic portrayal of the correlation and interaction between media content and the comments that readers write underneath it. Special attention is given to the occurrence of hate speech, with a particular emphasis on sexism, discrimination against LGBT individuals, and stereotypical portrayals of the individuals being commented on. The research results indicate that the woman who were the subjects of the posts in the comments were either ignored or depicted extremely negatively. Keywords: digital sphere, interaction, comment, LGBT individuals, media content, misogyny, equality, sexism, verbal violence, women