Autori koji objavljuju u ovom časopisu pristaju na sledeće uslove: Autori zadržavaju autorska prava i pružaju časopisu pravo prvog objavljivanja rada i licenciraju ga "Creative Commons Attribution licencom" koja omogućava drugima da dele rad, uz uslov navođenja autorstva i izvornog objavljivanja u ovom časopisu. Autori mogu izraditi zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju članka objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je članak izvorno objavljen u ovom časopisu. Autorima je dozvoljeno da postave objavljeni članak onlajn (npr. u institucionalni repozitorijum ili na svoju internet stranicu) pre ili tokom postupka prijave rukopisa, s obzirom da takav postupak može voditi produktivnoj razmeni ideja i ranijoj i većoj citiranosti objavljenog članka.
<span lang="EN" style="color: black; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: 0pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: flat; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Milorad Botić was one of the most prominent figures at the <span lang="EN" style="color: black; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: 0pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: flat; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Bar Association of Vojvodina. He left an indelible mark in the Glasnik of the Bar Association of Vojvodina, Journal for legal theory and practice, as the editor-in-chief and also as the author of numerous works in the Glasnik. He was a prolific writer with several published books, collections of poems and articles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine
Примарну улогу у пружању релевантне правне заштите животне средине и климе, има национални судски систем, а Европски суд за људска права има супсидијарну улогу и поступа тек по представкама за повреду других људских права. Европска конвенција за заштиту људских права и основних слобода и њени додатни протоколи, не регулишу директно право на здраву животну средину као такво, ипак штите интерес за очување животне средине и климе штитећи друга људска права. Наиме, претежно се повреда овог права преиспитује кроз повреду права на живот у здравој животној средини, повреду права на приватан живот, права на имовину и права на информисање. Државе су дужне да поштују, штите, унапређују и испуњавају сва људска права за све људе. Ово укључује афирмативну обавезу да се спрече предвидиве штете, укључујући и ону изазвану климатским променама. Поље судских спорова о климатским променама се временом обогатило и наметнуло је потребу да носиоци правосудних функција и учесници у таквим судским споровима, постану свесни последица климатских промена, као и последица које носе одлуке у тим споровима. Поред тога што је унапређен значај климатских парница и еколошких парница уопште, како пред домаћим судовима, тако и пред Европским судом за људска права и Судом правде Европске уније, бројни случајеви су добили и шири међународни одјек и остварили своју амбицију за добијањем одговора о утицају климатских промена на основна људска права, па су тако, надаље, инспирисали покретање оваквих поступака широм света. У развоју међународног еколошког права временом су уставновљени принципи који указују на карактеристике те области права и његових института, а то су принцип превентивне акције, принцип предострожности, принцип "плаћа загађивач", принцип одрживог развоја, принцип међугенерацијске једнакости и принцип обавезе сарадње. Неупитни значај еколошког права је препознат на међународном нивоу и, иако ово право није именовано као људско право у Европској конвенцији за заштиту људских права и основних слобода, ни у њеним протоколима, њему је такав значај признат кроз растући тренд еколошких и климатских парница, као и све богатију судску праксу у овој области
Copyright (c) 2024 Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine
The (in)sufficient procedural rights of the victim in criminal proceedings in Bosnia and Herzegovina (not) enable the fight against human trafficking
Human trafficking is a crime against humanity motivated by acquisition of property benefits by torturing the victims. The victims or injured parties in criminal proceedings in Bosnia and Herzegovina have the right to Claim under Property Law, to be examined as a witness. The injured party is obliged to testify in criminal proceedings and has the right to free legal aid. The position of the victim in criminal proceedings is marginalized because, has no right to appeal against a negative prosecutor's decision, Cessation of Investigation. The subject of plea bargaining also should be confiscation of property gein. Confiscation of property gein is an effective measure in the fight against human trafficking because it can also be applied when there are procedural obstacles to the conduct of criminal proceedings. Confiscation of property gein should not be linked to the initiation of criminal proceedings, because the criminal procedure law does not define when the criminal procedure is considered initiated. The standard of proof for confiscation of gein is an obvious disproportion between assets and incomeis actually accused can not to prove that he legally acquired the property.
Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Banja Luka
TEMPORARY AND CASUAL EMPLOYMENT AS FORMS OF FLEXIBLE EMPLOYMENT
Temporary and casual employment is in the legal system of the Republic of Serbia one of the most significant form of flexible employment. Although it’s very significant, there are not many papers in our literature, which are dedicated exclusively to this type of flexible employment. However, given the fact that work flexibilization and flexible employment are extremely popular topics, there are many papers in which the issue of temporary and casual employment is mentioned within this topic. This paper is dedicated to the issue of how much this form of labor contributes to the flexibility of work, and where are the limits of work flexibilization, that is in which point the abuse of temporary and casual work begins, precisely flexploitation of the people who perform this work, as well as their legal position. The central part of the paper on the abuse of temporary and casual work will be perceived through the viewpoints of judicial practice, considering that, as it is previously mentioned above, there are not many papers in literature that are exclusively dedicated to this topic, and therefore not many viewpoints on the issue of abuse of the same, and judicial practice is, regarding this issue, numerous.
FIXED-TERM EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT AND ITS ABUSES
A fixed-term employment contract is a flexible form of employment that allows employers to respond to the temporary needs of the labor market. However, in practice this form of employment is often abused, which leads to employee insecurity and violation of labor rights. This paper analyzes the legal framework and purpose of fixed-term employment contracts and identifies the most common forms of abuse. In conclusion, recommendations are proposed for improving legislation and strengthening supervision over the implementation of fixed-term employment contracts in order to reduce abuses and improve the protection of workers' rights. The hypothesis is based on that the positive legal provisions have not clearly determined the situations in which a fixed-term employment relationship can be established, but it is necessary to determine precise and concrete circumstances that are characteristic of a certain activity and that can only exceptionally justify the absence of the need for a permanent employment of the employee, as well that insufficient capacities of labor inspection and other mechanisms to prevent abuse of fixed-term employment contract, facilitate the violation of regulations in this area of ​​labor law in the Republic of Serbia, by employers, as the stronger party in the employment relationship.
Non-pecuniary damages in the "missing babies" cases - law enforcement experiences
The Act on Establishing the Facts about the Status of Newborn Children who are Suspected of Having Disappeared from the Maternity Hospitals in the Republic of Serbia was adopted in 2020. Colloquially known as the Missing Babies Act, it regulates the right of parents and relatives to fair monetary compensation for non-pecuniary damage in case of violation of their right to respect the family life. The paper presents the first analysis of the results of the implementation of this Act in regard of awarding non-pecuniary damages. Empirical research was conducted in the High Court in Novi Sad, the High Court in Belgrade, the High Court in Kragujevac and the High Court in Niš. Using the statistical and the random sample methods, the research analyses court cases involving request for compensation of non-pecuniary damages resulting from the infringement of one’s right to respect for family life in the “missing babies” cases. The paper examines the earlier judicial practice in similar factual cases, with special reference to the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Zorica Jovanović v. Serbia (appl.12794/08). Furthermore, using the normative and comparative law methods, the paper presents the analysis of non-pecuniary damages and its purpose. The paper aims to provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of the court judgments awarding of non-pecuniary damages in the “missing babies” cases for violation of the right to respect for family life. According to the research findings, parents’ decades-long struggle yielded a Pyrrhic victory in a form of monetary compensation for non-material damages but, in a vast majority of cases, there was no information regarding the actual fate of the missing children.
EXCLUSION OF ILLEGALITY IN THE CRIME OF UNAUTHORIZED WIRETAPPING AND RECORDING
The criminal act of unauthorized wiretapping and recording has long been an integral part of the corpus of criminal acts incriminated in domestic criminal legislation. Until now, due to its peculiarities, specifically the fact that for the basic forms of this crime proscribed under Article 143, paragraphs 1 and 2, prosecution is undertaken through private lawsuit, it has not occurred particularly often in practice. However, with the development of technology, the possibilities for the execution of this criminal offense increase significantly, since today every average citizen has the means, that is, the devices suitable for the execution of this criminal offense. For the stated reason, it is necessary to analyze in detail the individual elements of this criminal act, in order to avoid uneven interpretation and application in practice. In addition, it is necessary to set the limits of the criminal law with regard to this act, since the values that are protected by it in certain situations are not more important than the values that can be protected by violating them. For the stated reason, it is necessary to prescribe special conditions for the exclusion of illegality, the content of which the paper will try to propose.
The article discusses the relationship between philosophy of law and legal practice. It is argued that philosophy of law is a kind of thinking about law, which at the most general level can have the character of inspirational thinking and technical thinking. Both forms of legal philosophy can communicate with legal practice, but only technical legal philosophy can respond to specific legal problems. The article illustrates the approach by considering lawyerly reasoning and artificial intelligence. The article concludes by considering the importance of the philosophy of law for legal practice.
Legal system before the challenges of technological progress
Modren society builds its foundations for the future on technology and science. Accelerated technological and scientific progress is changing the atter that the legal system regulates or should regulate. The development of new technologies with a special emphasis on the development and application of AI in the field of law opens revolutionary questions. Whit that, peper will analyze the impact of technology on the field of criminal and civil law, and the challenges of protecting human rights in the digital age by applying the following scientific methods: compilation, literature analysis, synthesis, classification and delphi methods. Investigation and prosecution of digital crimes requries respect for fair legal principles and procetion of individual rights. New technologies put pressure on the legal system, wich under this pressure violates basic legal prniciples. Contemporary legal challenges lead to tectonic shifts in the field of law. The paper analyzes the impact of AI and algorithms on the rule of law, and analyzes fundamental legal principles. This is not the first time that legal sistems are faced with regulating an inanimate system that has no consciousness and capacity fot guilt. The key question is whether we are ready for the revolutionary step of introducing a third legal entity-an electronic person?
The Objectivity of Law and Justice – Figures of the Third (Hegel, Kojève, Lévinas)
The article deals with the figure of the Third in the philosophy of Hegel, Kožev and Lévinas, who believe that the neutral and disinterested Third (das dritte, le tiers) can explain the genesis and constitution of law and justice in general. While there are many similarities between them, the nuanced differences are very important, for example, regarding the role of the state, or the tension between morality and law. Understanding the figure of the Third can help us rethink the philosophy of law.
PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST WORKPLACE HARASSMENT AT THE EMPLOYER LEVEL IN DOMESTIC LAW
This paper analyzes the effectiveness of mechanisms for workplace harassment protection in Serbia, with the aim of improving the legal and organizational framework. The research focuses on mediation processes as an alternative dispute resolution method that can contribute to more efficient and fair treatment of employees. Special attention is given to internal procedures that employers can implement to combat harassment and protect their employees. The paper also considers how successful resolution of these issues can positively impact the work environment, creating a healthier and more productive atmosphere. Through this analysis, concrete guidelines are provided for enhancing worker protection and promoting overall well-being in the workplace. With this research question, the paper addresses a significant topic that requires a comprehensive approach, including legislative, organizational, and social aspects.
On the Importance of Legal-Philosophical Thinking
The main thesis of this paper is that one can be a lawyer, even a very good lawyer, without a jurisprudential education, but that those who are educated in legal-philosophical thinking acquire an important asset that can make them better than their colleagues. In order to show this, in the first part of the paper I try to establish what it is that can be labeled a legal-philosophical thinking. In that respect, I discuss three different perspectives of that thinking, which I metaphorically - according to the names of three well-known canvases - designate as: bird’s eye view, deep gaze and anatomy lesson. In the central part of the work, I try to show the relevance of each of these three particular perspectives of legal-philosophical thinking for the profession of lawyer, by analyzing three well-known catchphrases related to that profession. Those catchphrases are: „two lawyers, three opinions“; „one is theory, the other is practice“; and, „lawyers look for legal loopholes.“ After analyzing them, in the final part of the paper I come to the conclusion that jurisprudential education develops argumentative potentials in the best way, sharpens both analytical and critical thinking, and all of this is of great use to graduated lawyers in their practice of law.
The article tries to shed light on the possible benefit of some of the insigts, as well as the method of the philosophy of law for legal practice. In this sense, the characteristics of the philosophy of law, as a discipline and then three of its perspectives, which can be of importance to legal practitioners, are firstly presented. Then, in the light of those perspectives, a recent case from the practice of domestic misdemeanor courts is analyzed in detail. After the analysis undertaken, it is concluded that the general deficits in the judicial and legal system of Serbia do not favor the influence of legal philosophical insigts and methods in legal practice. However, this does not mean that they should not occupy a significant place in that practice. Moreover, it seems that they can significantly contribute to its fundamental change and the removal of its most serious defects.
Unsolvable problems of justice and artificial intelligence
Summary The history of philosophical (and legal-philosophical) thought shows us that justice as a principle cannot be determined substantively, i.e. that there is mostly agreement that justice is something to strive for, but that, on the other hand, justice as a supreme or absolute principle cannot be substantively to describe. Some middle way born from the relativity and changeability of the content of justice and its absoluteness as a form is the concept of procedural justice or the internal morality of law - mainly the procedural requirements that the regulation must satisfy in order to be valid as law. Lawyers who, as Kant and many authors following Kant often apostrophize, have not yet found their concept of law, new challenges are posed by the development of modern technology and the application of artificial intelligence in many areas, as well as in certain domains of law. From dilemmas related to the ethics and legal regulation of artificial intelligence, to questions concerning the possibility of applying artificial intelligence in the process of creating, interpreting and applying law, solutions to the challenges that are the task of contemporary scientific thought and ethical and legal practice may be of importance for the future. rights. The paper will, among other things, consider the possibility of achieving justice in the context of the use of artificial intelligence in the process of creating, interpreting and applying law, with regard to the thesis of the insufficiency of the explanation and realization of justice with juspositivist understandings of justice.
Disciplinary practice of the Disciplinary Court of the Bar Association of Vojvodina
Animal Protection in the New Croatian Criminal Law
This paper provides a concise overview of the criminal offenses concerning animal protection in Croatian criminal law. It examines the offense of killing or abuse of animals (Art. 205) and the newly introduced offense of animal abandonment (Art. 205a). The paper outlines the statutory elements of criminal liability, surveys the available case-law, and discusses related practical issues. Its value lies in being the first work in the literature to analyze the new offense of animal abandonment. The offense is compared with the established offense of killing and abuse of animals, and the rationale for its introduction is critically assessed. The author argues that the amendment has created legal uncertainty and was unnecessary, as animal abandonment was already sufficiently covered by the offense of killing and abuse of animals.
(SOME) COURTS ARE LOOKING FOR NEW APPROACHES AND PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURE PROTECTION
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Name="Document Map"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Plain Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="E-mail Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Top of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal (Web)"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Acronym"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Cite"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Code"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Definition"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Keyboard"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Preformatted"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Sample"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Typewriter"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Variable"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Table"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation subject"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="No List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline 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Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException 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Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hashtag"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Unresolved Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Link"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->Abstract: Environmental degradation is escalating at a pace that is outpacing the capacity of traditional legal responses. Drawing on recent jurisprudence, this paper argues that courts are beginning to bridge the gap left by hesitant legislatures and executives by importing soft-law norms, reviving the precautionary principle, and embracing intergenerational responsibility. Administrative law thus becomes a frontline instrument: buffer zones around drinking-water sources, for instance, now hinge on future rather than present risk. By contrast, criminal law remains shackled to “blanket” norms that condition liability on the breach of narrowly framed environmental regulations, leaving serious violations, such as pollution caused by a traffic accident, outside its reach. The author contends that without a results-oriented reinterpretation of environmental crimes, the promise of Directive 2008/99/EC and its 2024 successor will remain unfulfilled. Only a coordinated evolution of administrative, private, and criminal mechanisms can restore the law’s deterrent force and safeguard environmental integrity for future generations.
The Golden Standard - An Epitome of State Responsibility in International Environmental Law
This present article examines how the right to a healthy environment became a human right and how it was internationalized in response to the idea that transboundary damage existed. This evolution of the Environmental right's study and regulation led to the creation and growth of International Law concerning the Environment. In a second part, the article focuses on the key features of this institute (the right to a healthy environment) and its academic place within the environmental field and focuses on the international responsibility of the State when violating a regulation and damages the right of another sovereign State or territorial area outside its national jurisdiction. Thirdly, we highlight the diverse but similar State responsibilities by investigating this type of state accountability as a foundational idea of international environmental law and illustrate how its support for a number of international standards helps nations come together on a worldwide scale to work toward sustainable development and the recovery of the terrestrial environment. Lastly, we seek and addresses how these two categories of state duty enable global environmental conservation.
Criminal Law and the Adequacy of Environmental Protection – International Legal Standards and Serbia’s Substantive Criminal Legislation – Compatible or Not?
This paper explains the importance of the protection of the environment through criminal law in a legal state characterized by the rule of law. In this context, special attention is paid to the influence of fundamental international legal standards pertaining to environmental protection on the specific normative concept of the protection of the environment through criminal law in Serbia. Emphasizing that the protection of the environment through criminal law has an ultima ratio character, the paper also focuses on defining the basic elements of environmental protection law, both within national legal frameworks and from the standpoint of the impact of relevant international legal sources, in connection with responses through criminal law in this field. International standards in the field of environmental protection, which are applied in the national legal system either through so-called implementation mechanisms or, in certain cases, directly, hold particular importance when assessing the adequacy of the protection of the environment through criminal law. The paper includes an analysis of the principal international standards concerning the environment that are contained in relevant international legal sources, such as certain international treaties/agreements/conventions. It also clarifies the dominant ratio legis of crimes against the environment under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia, with an explanation of the general ratio legis for such crimes, combined with defining the ratio legis of individual crimes classified, according to the statutory systematics, as crimes against the environment. In the conclusion, the paper particularly emphasizes that the immense importance of the protection of the environment through criminal law stems from the crucial significance of a healthy and preserved environment for human health. This importance, based on relevant constitutional provisions, is manifested and advanced through the development of mechanisms for adequate protection of the environment through criminal law. An analysis of the relevant criminal-law norms shows that, from a normative standpoint, the protection of the environment through criminal law in the Republic of Serbia is adequately conceived, whereas certain weaknesses in the application of these specific criminal-law norms exist in practice, especially when it comes to detecting and proving crimes against the environment.
Liability of Legal Persons for Criminal Offenses Against the Environment (Experiences of the Republic of Croatia)
For twenty years, the Republic of Croatia has recognized the liability of legal entities for all criminal offenses contained in the Criminal Code, including criminal offenses against the environment. Along with the existence of awareness of the danger of organized environmental crime, the issue of punishability of legal persons and the prosecution for criminal association in criminal organizations are regulated in an appropriate normative manner, and the environment is adequately protected by special criminal offenses. The environment is primarily protected by non-punitive mechanisms of other legal branches, which accepted the combined model of administrative, misdemeanor, and criminal sanctions. Statistical data show that the number of convicted legal persons for environmental crime in the Republic of Croatia is negligible, and the aim of the paper was to investigate the issue of applying the legal regulation of corporate responsibility for environmental crime by presenting statistical data and analyzing individual cases. The purpose of the conducted research is to answer the question of whether there is a gap between normative solutions and their application in case law, and what problems arise when reporting, prosecuting, and convicting legal entities as perpetrators of criminal offenses against the environment.
Environmental Degradation Through (Non)planned and (Il)legal Construction
In Serbia, the planning, regulation, and use of space, as well as the construction of buildings and the performance of construction works, are regulated by the Law on Planning and Construction, which requires that spatial and urban plans must be in accordance with the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia. The latter serves as the fundamental and highest-level document in this field of planning and, at the same time, in the planning system of the Republic of Serbia, represents a development-planning document with which all strategies and other public policy documents must be aligned. However, the long-term foundations for the organization, arrangement, use, and protection of the territory of the Republic of Serbia—aimed at harmonizing economic and social development with the natural, ecological, and cultural potentials and constraints of its territory—were established only for the period from 2010 to 2020 and not beyond. Consequently, from the perspective of environmental impact, the author examines the strategic-development and general regulatory functions of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia. In this regard, the paper also analyzes the adequacy of the solutions provided by the Law on Planning and Construction and its accompanying regulations, as well as their compliance with the rules on strategic environmental impact assessment of plans and on environmental impact assessment of projects. This is particularly significant given that the Law explicitly stipulates that the provisions of other laws regulating, in a different manner, the issues covered by this Law do not apply, except for those laws and regulations governing environmental protection.
A MISTAKE IN THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT
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Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hashtag"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Unresolved Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Link"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> One of the consequences of deepening criminal law cooperation with European integration may be a further increase in the body of law that those involved in a particular area of law need to know. It is no longer only a question of navigating the maze of internal law, but also of navigating the even more complex system of European legal development, the world of directives, framework decisions, Commission decisions and regulations. There are also a number of criminal law provisions which are directly fleshed out by EU rules. In this legal environment, even lawyers wishing to specialise in a more restricted field sometimes find it difficult to navigate, which raises the question of whether a plea of 'legal error' (the mistake in the knowledge of the law) can be accepted in the absence of knowledge of the law[AT1] . [AT1]We need longer introduction.
Compensation for damage caused by the commission of offenses against the environment
In the legal system of the Republic of Serbia, the environment is also protected through criminal law, more precisely by the norms of criminal and misdemeanor law, as well as law governing economic offenses. Committing an environmental offense may also result in corresponding damage. This concerns the civil law consequences arising from the commission of the offenses in question. Compensation for damage caused by environmental offenses can be achieved out of court and through court. It can also be done before the court in two ways: 1) in the criminal proceedings itself, based on the submitted property claim (so-called adhesion proceedings) and 2) in civil proceedings after the criminal proceedings have ended. Therefore, the paper discusses certain issues related to the characteristics of this damage, and the corresponding issues related to the procedure for realizing its compensation. In order to adequately consider this matter, it was necessary to briefly point out the features of the protection of the environment through penal law.
Environmental Protection and Economic Offenses - Advantages and Disadvantages
The emerging forms of criminality to the detriment of the environment are diverse, and due to the huge consequences that affect the environment as well as the health and life of people, in the reports of numerous international organizations, they are classified at the very top of dangerous and growing criminal activities. The inadequate application of criminal law in combating environmental crime can be added as a reason, and in connection with that, the replacement of that branch of law in practice with other legal mechanisms. The subject of the paper is the analysis of economic offenses as special offenses of the domestic legal system and their advantages and disadvantages in environmental protection. The paper first points out the basic characteristics of economic crimes. The author analyzes the concept of economic crime and the conditions of responsibility. The second part is devoted to the comparison of similarities and differences with the responsibility of legal entities for criminal acts. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the economic offense system are pointed out.
Protection of animals through criminal law in the light of EU Directive 2024/1203
The paper examines the issue of compliance of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia with the EU Directive 2024/1203 on environmental crime. Although the Directive does not deal directly with the protection of animals, several crimes, which the member states insist on implementing, directly relate to the protection of wild animal species. In this regard, the EU member states are required to strictly sanction their killing, destruction, possession, purchase, sale or offering for sale, import or export, as well as the illegal trade in their derivatives. In the criminal law of the Republic of Serbia, these behaviors can be subsumed under various criminal offenses and misdemeanors, the primary goal of which is often not the protection of nature, but the protection of the economy, the market, the customs system, etc. Starting from the thesis that the existing regulation is inadequate to provide animals with adequate protection, the paper analyzes the existing incriminations that provide protection to animals and their compliance with the aforementioned Directive. In particular, we deal with questions that are disputed in theory, such as whether animals can be subject to criminal protection in general, whether they can be granted legal subjectivity, and whether it is adequate to identify them with movable things, that is, "goods". Finally, the issue of the relationship between criminal acts and misdemeanors in this area is discussed, the features of which often overlap and threaten to effectively protect the perpetrator from criminal responsibility by initiating misdemeanor proceedings and imposing a misdemeanor sanction.
Legal control of Public Procurement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The article analyzes the normative framework of the legal control, both appellate and administrative, of the public procurement procedure in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using the method of conceptual analysis, the concept of legal control of the public procurement procedure is determined in relation to other types of control. All types of legal control are restricted, thus the emphasis is placed on the appeal before the Procurement Review Body and the lawsuit in the administrative dispute. The dogmatic-normative approach to legal solutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina is complemented by comparative legal experiences and recent administrative (judicial) practice, and also by relevant legislation of the European Union. In conclusion, the author points out all the shortcomings of the legal control of the public procurement procedure with concrete proposals for improving the normative framework of public procurement in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Key labor law aspects of work - related stress
In this paper, the author deals with important labor law aspects of work-related stress, as a type of psychosocial risk, which can be defined as a biopsychological reaction of employees to continuous exposure to pressure, unreasonably demanding or extensive tasks or efforts at work. The main research problem consists in observing the various causes and consequences of stress at work, and the implications that failure to recognize this psychosocial risk has on the health of employees. Although work-related stress is not directly regulated by domestic legal regulations, nor is it treated as an illness, it can damage the employee's health in multiple ways. The paper analyzes the concept of work-related stress, its causes, consequences and possible legal and other means to prevent it. The paper highlights positive examples from other legal systems regarding prevention and protection from work-related stress. The shortcomings of the domestic system were also pointed out, along with suggestions made de lege ferenda of importance for future changes to existing regulations and practice. The goal of the research is to confirm the initial hypothesis that, due to the lack of appropriate legislation, in practice there is a lack of recognition and prevention of work-related stress, as a risk that threatens the health, safety and overall well-being of employees. Normative, axiological and comparative law methods were applied, a survey and an in-depth interview with employees and employers were conducted.
WHAT NEW IS BROUGHT BY THE AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW ON THE HIGH JUDICIAL AND PROSECUTORIAL COUNCIL OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA?
Independence of the judiciary is one of the key preconditions of the Rule of Law. However, fostering the “culture“ of judicial independence has to be accompanied by constant efforts to develop the mechanisms and “culture“ of judicial accountability and integrity. This need is particularly highlighted in post-authoritarian societies where the independence of the judiciary rests on the unstable foundations of an authoritarian past characterized by the systematic undermining of judicial independence. In recent decades, the means for strengthening judicial independence has been recognized in establishing judicial councils. Judicial councils, independent bodies whose majority of members come from the judiciary, have been “designed to insulate the functions of appointment, promotion and discipline of judges from the partisan political process while ensuring some level of accountability“ (Garoupa, Ginsberg). In recent years, however, an increasing number of authors have begun to acknowledge that the establishment of judicial councils may lead to the emergence of new channels of politicization of the judiciary, which brings to the fore the issue of the accountability of the aforementioned bodies. The paper analyzes provisions of the Law on Amendments to the Law on the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HJSC BiH), adopted in 2023, which regulate the disciplinary responsibility of judges and the Council members, as well as the procedure of dismissal of the members of the HJSC BiH. The paper will also analyze other provisions of this law, which aim to suppress corruption in the judiciary and strengthen the integrity of the judicial officeholders.
CRIMINOLOGICAL AND VICTIMOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF PROSTITUTION – PROPOSALS DE LEGE FERENDA
Prostitution is a complex social phenomenon that often integrates criminological and victimological perspectives. Juxtaposed with the idea of sexual freedom, the right to dispose of one's own body, and the obligation to protect morality, prostitution finds different social responses. Discussing the concept of authentic and apparent prostitution, the authors will try to bring a conceptual analysis, as well as a draft of a new legislative model for regulating the subject area. By integrating the tendencies of socio-psychological and health care, as well as minimizing stigmatization and discrimination, a stratified model of social response will be presented below, which ultimately does not give up on the protection of morality as a social and legal category, as a vital social component.
Т.P.N. AGAINST "SPEBO MEDICAL" HEALTHCARE INSTITUTION
Суд надлежан за одлучивање у првом степену, у предмету Т.П.Н. против Здравствене установе „SPEBO MEDICAL”, је донео одлуку да тужиља има право да настави поступак биомедицински потпомогнуте оплодње започет заједно са супругом, који је преминуо у току самог поступка. На овај начин, суд је посредно заузео став да је постхумна оплодња дозвољена према позитивном праву Републике Србије. У овом приказу настојаћемо да представимо шта је суд све имао у виду приликом доношења ове одлуке, какав је утицај ове одлуке на друге случајеве са сличним чињеничним стањем, као и питањима која се по природи ствари отварају прихватањем става о дозвољености постхумне оплодње.