Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
''Journal of Agricultural Sciences'', the Official Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade-Zemun, publishes research papers of all agricultural areas.
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture
Use of YouTube for Diffusion of Innovative Agricultural Technologies: A Digital Self-Help Approach to the Farmers
The diffusion of innovative agricultural technologies is essential for improving productivity, food security, and rural livelihoods in developing countries, where conventional extension services often face financial and institutional constraints. This study investigates the role of YouTube as a digital self-help platform for farmers in rural Bangladesh, emphasising its effectiveness in disseminating agricultural information and the factors influencing its adoption. A cross-sectional survey of 276 farmers was conducted in Rangunia Upazila (sub-district) under the Chattogram district. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using regression analysis. After considering Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) value, multivariate logistic regression was conducted. The results show that YouTube adoption is significantly associated with education, effective farm size, and agricultural extension contact. Farmers using YouTube reported higher agricultural knowledge, greater incomes, and more diversified farming practices than non-users. Additionally, YouTube was widely used for weather forecasts, disaster preparedness, peer learning, post-harvest management, and market engagement, underscoring its multifunctional role. Overall, platforms such as YouTube, when supported by improved ICT access, affordable digital resources, and targeted training, can significantly enhance agricultural knowledge and technology adoption among Bangladeshi farmers, thereby promoting sustainable rural development.
THE N:K RATIO IN CHERNOZEM AND CROPS UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILISATION PRACTICES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Despite nutrient stoichiometry is widely applied to assess plant nutrition, agronomists in Ukraine traditionally use absolute test values. To address this gap, the temporal variability of the N:K ratio in soil and plant tissues was considered in a long-term field experiment (1971–2017) investigating the effects of different potassium fertilisation systems on crop rotation productivity in the northeastern Ukraine (Kharkiv region). The study compared the aftereffect of a high potassium background (1800 kg ha⁻¹) and the systematic application of mineral fertilisers (NPK) at single and double rates within the crop rotation. Available K in Chernozem was positively correlated with annual precipitation, influencing the stoichiometric balance in plant tissues. Under dry conditions, the N:K ratio narrowed significantly, particularly with potassium-only fertilisation. In contrast, balanced NPK application maintained an N:K ratio comparable to that observed under optimal moisture conditions. The relationship between available K and water highlights the need to use stoichiometric relationships, including the N:K ratio, for balanced plant nutrition in the context of climate change. Overall, potassium fertilisation enhanced crop rotation productivity and contributed to a more stable nutrient ratio balance.
FORECAST OF THE EXPORT OF FRESH STRAWBERRIES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA USING THE ARIMA MODEL
Regarding the export of fruit intended for fresh consumption, fresh strawberries are among the leading export products of the Republic of Serbia. The main export market for fresh strawberries is the Russian Federation, where an average of 8,447 tonnes of strawberries were exported in the period from 2016 to 2021, which is about 89% of the total export. In the past five years, the export of strawberries from the Republic of Serbia has halved, as a result of the loss of the dominant Russian Federation market. If this trend continues, the Republic of Serbia will lose $10.3 million a year in foreign trade, while the drop in exports will increase supply on the domestic market, leading to a drop in prices and negatively affecting the profitability of this production. The aim of this paper is to find a model that best describes future trends in the export of this fruit using the ARIMA model. The long-term monitoring of exports by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia enables the prediction of this parameter in the coming years. The analysis established that, for the period from 2001 to 2022, the ARIMA (3, 1, 6) model is adequate for forecasting future trends in the export of this fruit. Forecasts suggest that exports of fresh strawberries from the Republic of Serbia will continue to decline in the coming years.
RESPONSE OF POLLEN GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF SOUR CHERRY GENOTYPES TO TEMPERATURE
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</xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> The aim of this study was to determine the influence of genotype, environmental factors across three consecutive years (2022–2024), and incubation temperature (17°C and 20°C) on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube length in sour cherry, as well as to monitor flowering phenology during the same period. Six cherry genotypes were used: two cultivars created in the Republic of Serbia (“Sofija” and “Šumadinka”), one introduced cultivar (“Érdi Bötermö”), one autochthonous cultivar (“Feketićka”) and two promising genotypes (“GV-6” and “GV-10”). The flowering phenophase was recorded as the beginning, full and end of flowering. To determine germination and pollen tube length, pollen was collected and sown in Petri dishes on an agarose-sucrose nutrient medium and incubated at the two temperatures for 24 h. The obtained results demonstrated that flowering time varied between years in terms of date and duration. In vitro pollen germination ranged from 3.16% to 53.75%, while pollen tube length ranged from 225.6 μm to 960.2 μm. Significant differences were recorded between most sour cherry genotypes for both pollen germination and tube length. Differences between years were also significant, while incubation temperatures did not significantly affect the evaluated traits. The significant influence of many interactions, as established by analysis of variance, indicates that the response of genotypes to environmental conditions was different, which could be explained by differences in their stability. Knowledge of pollen germination and pollen tube growth plays a crucial role in understanding the value of a cultivar as a pollinator, both for commercial cultivation and breeding.
CHALLENGES TO EFFICIENT WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE IN AZERBAIJAN
Sustainable food production increasingly depends on water resources and their rational and efficient use. Due to global climate change and desertification, freshwater shortages will become even more acute. Azerbaijan is a country extremely vulnerable to water shortages due to limited internal water resources, high dependence on transboundary rivers, growing climate risks, and the inefficiency of existing water infrastructure. Water scarcity is a key obstacle to agricultural development in the country, and existing irrigation systems are characterised by significant water losses and low efficiency. Given the above, the aim of our study is to identify problems of inefficient water use in agriculture and propose solutions. To assess the level of rational water use in agriculture, we examined indicators such as water withdrawal and consumption, water use for irrigation and agriculture, water losses due to economic activities, the impact of changes in average annual temperature on crop water needs, and the distribution of water resources by region. The results showed that significant water losses pose a serious problem for the agricultural sector and require immediate solutions.
INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF SEEDS ON THE PLANT GROWTH OF 11 VARIETIES OF DURUM WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF.)
The phosphorus has an important role in the plant growth. Furthermore, the use of alternative methods, such as the cultivation of appropriate cultivars to satisfy the plant nutrient requirements and to reduce the negative effect of chemical fertilisers, is highly recommended. Thus, the aim of the present study was to screen the influence of the seed phosphorus content on the plant growth of 11 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties from numerous origins. Different morphological traits and their relation with the phosphorus quantities were investigated. These traits include root and aerial length, number of leaves, number of herbaceous tillers and number of ears. The obtained results revealed significant differences in the studied morphological characters among the examined wheat varieties. In addition, a positive correlation was recorded between the phosphorus levels in seeds and some morphological characters, particularly the aerial length, the number of leaves and tillers and the root length. It is concluded that higher phosphorus content in seeds has helped some varieties to achieve a good start. This suggests the necessity to consider this property when choosing durum wheat varieties for regions where P is scarce at sowing. It also fits into a broader global vision of sustainability by lowering the need for phosphate fertilisers.
Screening of Rapeseed Genotypes against Alternaria blight
Alternaria blight is a destructive fungal disease that infects rapeseed leaves and siliqua. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the disease severity of various mustard genotypes and to identify the superior rapeseed genotypes that are resistant to Alternaria blight. Twelve rapeseed genotypes were investigated. At 45, 55, and 65 days after sowing (DAS), genotype NAP16061 showed the lowest disease severity (12.43%, 15.06%, and 11.06%, respectively). NAP16001 had the fewest diseased pods (1.000, 1.133, and 1.700, respectively) at 45, 55, and 65 DAS, respectively. In terms of the quantities of healthy pods, NAP16001, NAP16068, and NAP16068 performed better. BARI SH 13 had the lowest total numbers of leaves plant-1 and percent leaf area, while NAP16061 had the smallest average spot size on leaves. The greatest plant height was observed in NAP16066. Positive loadings for disease susceptibility parameters such as disease severity, percent disease severity, percent leaf area diseased, and diseased leaves plant-1 were observed in PC1. NAP16066, NAP16025, and NAP16001 showed a negative relationship with PC1, indicating resistance to Alternaria blight. Genotypes such as NAP16082 and NAP16068 were also negatively oriented along PC2, exhibited moderate resistance, requiring further assessment. Cluster II includes the most sought-after genotypes with resistance to Alternaria blight disease, which clustered with NAP16001 and NAP16066.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
FECUNDITY AND LENGTH WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF BROODSTOCK BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA M. FARIO) FROM CULTIVATED CONDITIONS IN BANJA LUKA REGION
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Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Message Header"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Salutation"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Date"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 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Name="Document Map"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Plain Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="E-mail Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Top of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal (Web)"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Acronym"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Cite"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Code"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Definition"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Keyboard"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Preformatted"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Sample"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Typewriter"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Variable"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Table"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation subject"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="No List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline 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SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Contemporary"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Elegant"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Professional"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Balloon Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Theme"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 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Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 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Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 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</xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->Research on the fecundity and length weight relationship of the broodstock of farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) was carried out in the salmonid hatcheries Klašnik and Šiprage, Banja Luka region. The aim of the work was to determine the fecundity of females and the length weight relationship of female and male brown trout from two salmonid hatcheries in the Banja Luka region. 30 females and 30 males per hatchery were analyzed. The age of the females in the Klašnik hatchery was 3+– 4+, and the males were 1+ years old, and in the Šiprage hatchery the females and males were aged 4+– 6+ years. Egg samples from each female were photographed and the number and diameter of eggs in the sample was determined using the "ImageJ" program. A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between weight, total length, standard length and body height of females and males from two hatcheries. Total fecundity is significantly lower in females from the Klašnik hatchery (2589±650.85 eggs) than females from the Šiprage hatchery (4618±1541.54 eggs), which had higher body weight. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the relative fecundity, weight and diameter of eggs of females from the hatchery Klašnik (2220±583.71 eggs/kg; 0.097±0.014 g/egg and 5.176±0.232 mm/egg) and Šiprage (2343±801.65 eggs/kg; 0.095±0.02 g/egg and 5.267±0.457 mm/egg). Positive allometric growth (b > 3) was found in females from the Šiprage hatchery, and negative allometric growth (b < 3) in other cases.
The Impact of Stakeholder Behavior on the Optimization of Digitalization in the Moroccan Agricultural Supply Chain: A PLS-Based Verification
Digital transformation is increasingly recognized as a strategic lever to enhance the logistical performance of agricultural supply chains, particularly in emerging economies. This study investigates the effect of actors' behavior on the optimization of digitalization, by analyzing the relationship between human usage patterns, data storage and processing capacity, and agricultural logistics performance. A conceptual model based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory was tested using the PLS-SEM method on a sample of 308 stakeholders from the Moroccan agricultural sector. The findings reveal that actors' behavior significantly influences digital capacity, which in turn affects several performance dimensions, including cost reduction, quality improvement, efficiency, competitiveness, and the reduction of intermediary roles. The study emphasizes that human behavior remains central to any digital transformation, and that the success of digitalization projects depends not only on technological tools but also on user practices and interactions. The proposed model offers practical insights applicable to other low-digital-maturity logistics contexts.
MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF SUNFLOWER CROPS DEPENDING ON THE LEVELS OF BIOLOGIZATION OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
The research was carried out in 2018-2021. The field experiments were conducted in four replications by using the split plot design method. The study was dedicated to evaluation of the following cultivation technology elements: - A - sunflower hybrid: A1 - sunflower hybrid PR64F66 F1 (bred by Pioneer); A2 – sunflower hybrid Tunca F1 (bred by Limagrain); - B - the level of biologization of a cultivation technology: B1 (Traditional); B2 (Biologized І); B3 (Biologized ІІ); B4 (Organic); B5 (Extensive). The research showed that during the growing season, under intensive technology for sunflower cultivation, both the total colonization of the arable soil layer of the research plot and the amount of microflora by certain most principal groups decreased considerably in comparison with the variants where some elements of biologization or their complex application (organic cultivation technology) were implemented – by 6.1–40.9%. Application of modern insecticides of organic origin in the system of sunflower plant protection under biologized and organic cultivation technologies allows controlling a whole array of the most harmful phytophages and is not inferior to synthetic insecticides in effectiveness. The exception is protection of the crop against owlet moth larvae, which, because of their biological and ecological characteristics, require an insecticide preparation to have more systemic properties, which are not characteristic of organic preparations with minor exceptions. There was no residual insecticidal and repellent impact of biological preparations on the major cop pollinators – honey bees (their attendance of flowering inflorescences exceeded this index three times by the variants of intensive and biologized І technologies). Mechanic soil tillage as a method for the crop protection against weeds is an effective alternative to herbicide protection. Application of pre- and post-emergence harrowing with harrows and rotating hoes and inter-row tillage in the system of the crop protection against weeds as a component of biologized and organic technologies for sunflower cultivation is not inferior to application of soil and post-emergence synthetic herbicides in effectiveness, and it is even more effective by the control of the second-third waves of late spring species in the second half of the crop development.
EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER MICRODOSING ON SOIL PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR AVAILABILITY TO SOLANUM MACROCARPON IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA.
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It is known for its medicinal, nutritional purposes, as a result, it plays a key role in income generation and subsistence in Nigeria. This study examined the effect of fertilizer rate and time of application on yield, determined the availability of soil P and S to S. macrocarpon. This was with a view to establish the optimum fertilizer rate and application time for S. macrocarpon production using microdosing technology in southwest Nigeria. The experiment was located at the derived savanna (Ogbomoso) and the rainforest (Ilesha) in southwest Nigeria. The treatments were arranged in a factorial combination and laid out in a split plot design with four replicates. The main plots were the fertilizer rate; 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 (without organic fertilizer) kg N ha-1, the time of urea application (at planting and two weeks after planting) as sub-plot and S. macrocarpon was the test crops. Plant fresh weight, P and S uptake were determined at the first harvest. The data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test at 5 % level of probability. The results showed that fertilizer rate at 20 kg N ha-1 produced significantly higher yields and uptake of P and S at the derived savanna (4.2 t ha-1) and at the rainforest (1.2 t ha-1). Application at two weeks after planting (2 WAP) produced higher yields (3.3 t ha‑1) at the derived savanna while the application at planting (AAP) produced highest (1.2 t ha‑1) at the rainforest. Although, the time of fertilizer application had no effect on the fresh yields and nutrient availability, this study concluded that 60 kg N ha -1 + 5 tons ha -1 was the optimum fertilizer combination for S. macrocarpon production in southwest Nigeria. Keywords: Solanum macrocarpon, phosphorus, sulphur, fresh weight, fertilizer, microdosing Rezime Solanum macrocarpon, poznat i kao patlidžan, važna je autohtona povrćarska vrsta. Značajan je zbog svojih lekovitih i nutritivnih svojstava, te igra ključnu ulogu u stvaranju prihoda i osiguranju egzistencije u Nigeriji. Ova studija je ispitivala uticaj doze đubriva i vremena primene na prinos, kao i dostupnost fosfora (P) i sumpora (S) u zemljištu za S. macrocarpon. Cilj je bio da se utvrdi optimalna doza đubriva i vreme primene za gajenje S. macrocarpon korišćenjem tehnike mikrodoziranja u jugozapadnoj Nigeriji. Eksperiment je sproveden u savanskoj zoni (Ogbomoso) i prašumskoj zoni (Ilesha) u jugozapadnoj Nigeriji. Tretmani su postavljeni u faktorskoj kombinaciji i raspoređeni u split-plot dizajnu sa četiri replikacije. Glavne parcele su sadržale različite doze đubriva: 0, 20, 40, 60 i 80 kg N po hektaru (bez organskog đubriva), dok je vreme primene ureje (pri sadnji i dve nedelje nakon sadnje) predstavljalo podparcele. S. macrocarpon je bio testirani usev. Sveža masa biljaka, unos P i S određeni su nakon prve berbe. Podaci su analizirani pomoću ANOVA-e, a srednje vrednosti su razdvojene Duncanovim novim multirange testom na nivou verovatnoće od 5%. Rezultati su pokazali da je doza od 20 kg N/ha dala značajno veće prinose i unos P i S u savanskoj zoni (4,2 t/ha), odnosno u prašumskoj zoni (1,2 t/ha). Primena đubriva dve nedelje nakon sadnje (2 WAP) rezultirala je većim prinosima u savani (3,3 t/ha), dok je primena pri sadnji (AAP) dala najbolje rezultate u prašumi (1,2 t/ha). Iako vreme primene nije imalo uticaja na svežu masu i dostupnost hraniva, studija je zaključila da je kombinacija 60 kg N/ha + 5 t/ha organskog đubriva optimalna za proizvodnju S. macrocarpon u jugozapadnoj Nigeriji. Ključne reči: Solanum macrocarpon, fosfor, sumpor, sveža masa, đubrivo, mikrodoziranje
THE ROLE OF MICROFERTILIZERS IN IMPROVING SEED QUALITY RAPHANUS SATIVUM D. SEEDS. VAR. OLEIFERA METRG. IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of foliar fertilizing with microfertilizers on the formation of elements of varietal productivity and indicators of sowing qualities of oil radish seeds. The objects of research were the Zhuravka and Fakel varieties. The methodological basis consisted of general scientific and special research methods (field method). The area of the registration plot was 50 m2, the placement of varieties was sequential with three repetitions. The research was conducted during 2021-2023 on the basis of the department of seed production and seed science of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, located in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Growing seeds of high quality oilseed radish as one of the important green manure crops is an urgent task for expanding sown areas in the region. Only by producing a sufficient amount of seed material, especially new, more productive varieties and effective agricultural cultivation measures, can the desired results be achieved. A small number of scientific publications are devoted to this issue, which requires further scientific justification. The experiment compared four options for using microfertilizers on leaves against the background of mineral nutrition - N30P60K70 + N50 BBCН 14–16 (leaf development) + N20 BBCН 52–53 (inflorescence appearance). The results presented in the article emphasize the effectiveness of using microfertilizers: Oracle multicomplex, Yara Vita Rexolin, Intermag-oliiny. It was established that under their influence, seed yield increased by 0.38–0.46 t ha-1, the weight of 1000 seeds – 1.17–2.15 g, germination energy – 2.2–3.8%, laboratory germination – 2.4-4.2%. The research results can be used by agricultural enterprises and farms to adjust the nutrition system through the main application of mineral fertilizers and additional microfertilizers in foliar feeding of plants, which ensures a more complete realization of the genetic potential of oilseed radish and ensures high sowing qualities of grown seeds.
EFFECT OF OPTIMIZED MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF WINTER WHEAT ON THE RETISOL OF WESTERN POLISSIA OF UKRAINE
The effects of mineral fertiliser rates, based on removal NPK by grain and grain+straw, compared with the recommended rate on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) crop productivity were studied. The treatments were done in the background of different ameliorants with plant residue returns to the soil. In Retisol the highest winter wheat grain yield (4.98 t ha-1) was obtained with the application of 1.0 Hh (hydrolytic acidity) rate of dolomite lime (DL) with N150P50K125 (rate based on grain and straw NPK removal). This treatment led to the best indicators of yield structure elements. However, the harvest index was lower than with N130P25K35 (rate based on grain NPK removal). This suggests a higher grain-to-straw ratio with the NPK removal-only grain-based approach. Despite lower structural indicators, the average yield in treatment with DL (1.0 Hh) + N130P25K35 had no statistically significant difference compared to the N120P60K90 (recommended rate) at P<0.05 The absence of PK fertilizers in treatment with N130, significantly decreased yield (19%) compared to the other NPK treatments. Applying 1.0 Hh limestone (LS) with the recommended NPK rate did not promote the formation of structural elements, and the yield decrease was 0.21 t ha-1 compared to DL (1.0 Hh) under similar conditions. Based on the results, applying mineral fertilizer rates calculated by main product (grain) NPK removal, combined with 1.0 Hh DL and the return of plant residues to the soil, is recommended for optimal winter wheat productivity on Retisols.
ENHANCING THE SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF MEXICAN LIMES THROUGH Γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID TREATMENT
The key factors limiting the postharvest shelf life of limes are weight loss, rapid peel discoloration, and the degradation of their green color, which significantly reduces their market value. Mexican lime, a citrus fruit of considerable economic and nutritional importance, was evaluated for the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immersion on postharvest quality and storage life. Fruits were treated with GABA solutions (0, 4, 8, or 12 mM) and stored at 7 °C with 80 ± 5% relative humidity for 30 days. Measurements of fruit weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), taste index (TSS/TA ratio), ascorbic acid content in juice, and rind pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) were conducted every 10 days. GABA treatment, particularly at higher concentrations, significantly reduced weight loss and slowed TSS increases while enhancing TA and ascorbic acid levels. By the end of storage, treated fruits exhibited higher organic acid levels and a more desirable taste index, as indicated by a reduced TSS/TA ratio. Additionally, GABA treatments preserved higher chlorophyll levels for up to 20 days and delayed carotenoid accumulation, effectively slowing peel yellowing. The 8 mM concentration was the most effective in maintaining postharvest quality. These findings demonstrate that GABA can enhance the storage life and quality of Mexican lime, providing a promising strategy to minimize postharvest losses and boost economic value.
POSSIBILITIES OF CABBAGE PRODUCTION UNDER CLIMATIC CHANGES
Cabbage growth and development require temperatures between 15 and 18 ºC. However, for most of the growing season, cabbage is exposed to temperatures above 20 ºC. To obtain the highest possible prices on farmer’s markets, cabbage producers start with the earliest possible dates for cabbage planting (early or late autumn). Cabbage growth is “pushed forward” by more abundant irrigation, planting density, cultivation, and protection, to form a marketable (technologically mature) head in the shortest possible time and achieve the highest possible profit on the market. To improve the efficiency of water use and adapt cabbage to warmer and drier conditions, it is recommended to use modified production systems, with an emphasis on postponing the date of sowing or planting to mitigate the effect of temperature increase and drought during cabbage production. This paper aims to point out the effect of temperature and water stress and to provide solutions that can be practically applied to mitigate the negative impact of the aforementioned stresses on cabbage production. Priority should be given to the development of production systems that improve the efficiency of water use adapted to the conditions of hot and dry weather. Irrigation of cabbage should be organized as drip irrigation as a more rational system, with the possibility of comparative feeding and protection.
PHENOLOGY AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF PRUNUS SPINOSA L. FRUITS WITH REGARD TO THE IMPACT OF AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
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UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hashtag"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Unresolved Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Link"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->Phenology is the study of periodic biological changes that plants undergo, under the influence of geographic and ecological conditions, particularly climatic variables. The aims of the research were to determine the variability of the phenological patterns of Prunus spinosa L. natural populations in the ecotones of the southeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula and to create an informational database regarding the impact of air temperature and precipitation on the phenology of the species, based on research conducted during the period from 2007 to 2024. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. The results show that the onset of spring phenological phases has been significantly accelerated by the increase in air temperature, especially in 2024, when flowering started 31 days earlier, the flowering phase was 13 days longer, and fruit ripening occurred 65 days earlier compared to the period 2007–2023. Given that blackthorn significantly contributes to ecosystem services as a honey plant and a species used in the food industry and phytotherapy, the content of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity was determined in fruit in distilled water and 70% ethanol. The analysed extracts contain a high percentage of phenols and demonstrate significant antioxidant activity. Based on the conducted research, valuable information was obtained regarding the variability of phenological patterns and the antioxidant capacity of blackthorn fruits, which are important for developing guidelines for ecosystem service conservation programmes, enrichment, and management plans.
Optimizing Lettuce Seedling Growth through different Growing Media and Nitrogen Fertilization Regime
Abstract: The growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings are significantly influenced by the properties of the growing medium and starter nitrogen fertilization. This study evaluated the effects of three growing media; soil, coco peat, and hydroponics under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and six treatments was employed, including full and half NPK solutions for hydroponics, soil and coco peat, both with and without NPK. Chlorophyll content, plant height, root count, days to emergence, and dry weight were measured. Laboratory analysis was carried out to determine the properties of the growing media as well as the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the plants. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.001) among treatments. Hydroponics supported earlier seedling emergence (2.25 days on average), higher chlorophyll content (0.632 at week 2), greater plant height (5.53 cm at week 3), and higher dry weight (1.31 g) compared to soil and coco peat. While nitrogen content was highest in soil with NPK (7.17%), hydroponics full and half solutions recorded the highest phosphorus content (7.69 gkg-1 and 7.67 gkg-1, respectively). Root counts showed no significant difference across treatments, but dry weight was significantly higher in hydroponics. Overall, hydroponics proved to be the most effective medium, with the half NPK solution being more economical due to reduced fertilizer usage while maintaining high performance.
COMPONENTS OF PHENOTYPIC VARIANCE AND HERITABILITY OF EARLY VIGOUR TRAITS OF BREAD WHEAT UNDER CONTRASTING WATER REGIMES
Exploring drought-tolerance potential and phenotypic plasticity at early stages of development in root system architecture could be crucial in regard to breeding for drought resistance and for selecting wheat ideotypes under climate change. A total of 11 genotypes from the collection of 101 bread wheat genotypes, originating from Serbia and 16 different countries of the world, with desirable traits in terms of increased tolerance to drought, were chosen for parents and eight crosses were performed. Genotypes from P and F1 generations were grown in hydroponic cultivation under polyethylene glycol 6000-induced osmotic stress. The objective of this research was to assess components of phenotypic variance and heritability in a broad sense of early vigour traits (nine root and shoot traits) of bread wheat genotypes in induced drought stress vs. control, in order to choose appropriate traits for breeding for drought resistance. The effect of the genotype was higher on the variability of the tested root traits (46.6%), compared to the tested shoot traits (25.5%). meaning that the root traits can be taken as a more reliable criterion for selection for drought tolerance compared to the investigated shoot traits. Heritability in a broad sense was high (> 82%) for most of the tested traits (primary root length, number of seminal roots, total seminal root length, angle of seminal roots, shoot length, the ratio root dry mass to shoot dry mass), with low genotype × environment interaction (< 20% of total variation) and breeding for drought tolerance should be focused on these traits.
YIELD, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAIN AND FLOUR OF NEW WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN DIFFERENT AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->The need for global food security requires an increase in wheat production, as the third most common crop in the world with a significant role in the global and Serbian economy. Although breeding and agrotechnical measures contribute to yield growth, agriculture faces challenges such as climate change, land degradation and rising input costs, which require new approaches to production stability. The aim of the research was to identify differences in grain yield and quality between the widely used wheat variety Pobeda and the new wheat variety ML Grigorija, taking into account the influence of genotype and external conditions. The yield and physicochemical properties of grain and flour of ML Grigorija and Pobeda were examined at six locations in Serbia during 2021/22. and 2022/23. The experiments were organized according to a randomized design with three replications, with standard agrotechnical measures. The yield was calculated and corrected to standard moisture, while the physicochemical and rheological properties were analyzed in accredited laboratories according to SRPS ISO standards. Technological parameters of wheat were also examined. The obtained results were processed statistically using the analysis of variance method, and for individual comparisons the least significant difference test (lsd test) was used. The results showed significant differences in yield, physical and technological properties depending on the factors examined. The ML Grigorija variety achieved high yields and good technological quality in favorable conditions, while Pobeda had more stable physical properties and better test stability, which indicates that the selection of the genotype adapted to environmental conditions enables the achievement of high and stable yields and quality.
AMMI, GGE-BIPLOT, AND JOINT REGRESSION TECHNIQUE AS A TOOL IN MEASURING G × E INTERACTION IN 3-WAY CROSS MAIZE (Zea mays L.) HYBRIDS
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</xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> In order to meet the food requirements of ever increasing population, effectiveness of yield selection is important. Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) has a large impact in selecting adapted and predictable genotypes. Therefore, there is the need to evaluate maize genotypes across different environments, seasons or locations for a successful selection. Twelve 3-way cross maize hybrids obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were evaluated on the field of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria (Latitude 7⁰ 15⁰ N and Longitude 3⁰ 25⁰ E) across 3 growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data were collected on 50 % days to tasseling, 50% days to silking, plant height, ear height, field weight, 1000 seed weight and grain yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Least Significance Difference at 5% probability level. Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), Genotype plus Genotype × Environment (GGE biplot) and Joint Regression Techniques were used to identify stable and high yielding genotypes. The AMMI analysis showed that the total variance in the yield of the three-way maize hybrids accounted for by Genotype (G), Environment (E) and genotype × environment interaction (G × E) were 30.6 %, 44.19% and 25.31% respectively. Based on AMMI biplot, genotypes LW1701-10 and OBA SUPER-9 which combined high yield with stability were the most desirable. The GGE biplot showed that hybrids LW1701-10, OBA SUPER-9 and LW1701-6 were the most stable and desirable genotypes. The Joint Regression Technique showed that the performance of the genotypes could not be revealed in a linear manner as the deviation component variance accounted for 81.05 % and identified LW1701-6, LW1701-16, LW1701-12, LW1701-21, LW1701-4 as stable and desirable genotypes. The study concluded that GGE and AMMI models were effective in the study of yield stability of maize hybrids than the Joint regression technique.
THE USE OF Q-METHODOLOGY IN EXPLORING FARMERS’ PERSPECTIVES IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
This paper aimed to scope the literature to examine the extent to which Q-methodology has been employed in empirical studies in order to measure farmers’ perspectives in various contexts of climate change. The analysis revealed a surprisingly limited application of Q-methodology in this area. A search of the SCOPUS database, using the advanced search string TITLE-ABS-KEY (“Q-method*” OR “Q-sort*” OR “Q-stud*” OR “Q-technique” AND “farmer*” OR “agricultur*” AND “clima*”), identified 21 published articles that met the specified criteria. All these papers were published over the last decade, indicating an upward trend in the number of publications over the years. The analysis of these studies demonstrates that Q-methodology can be effectively applied in research aimed at uncovering and comprehending farmers' perceptions regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation to its risks. Despite its evident potential, this method remains underutilized and merits greater attention from scholars and practitioners. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a review of this nature has not been conducted previously. Hence, this paper makes a substantial contribution and serves as both an incentive and a valuable starting point for researchers contemplating the use of Q-methodology in empirical studies concerning farmers’ subjectivity in the context of climate change.
E-AGRAR PLATFORM: ASSESSMENT OF BENEFITS AND USAGE CHALLENGES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BEEKEEPERS IN SERBIA
The aim of the research is to understand beekeepers’ attitudes towards usefulness and usage challenges of the new government’s electronic service in agriculture - eAgrar. This service was launched in 2023 by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia and the participation in this platform is mandatory for agricultural producers who want to be in the national subsidy system. Data for the purpose of this paper were collected during 2023, by using a structured online questionnaire. The number of respondents was representative (459), while purposeful random sampling ensured anonymity and credibility. Data processing included the application of descriptive statistics, χ2 test of independence, and Word Cloud tool. The majority of respondents (81.0%) think that they will benefit from the introduction of this platform, as it will make all administrative procedures faster, easier, and cheaper. For 64.7% beekeepers the platform is easy to use. About one-third of them find it somewhat challenging to use and rely significantly on the support of agricultural extension officers. Also, there is a statistically significant positive correlation only between the respondents' level of education and level of difficulties in using the eAgrar platform. The results of this study are expected to provide agricultural policymakers in Serbia with insights into different aspects of the practical application of the eAgrar platform and also contribute to enriching the scientific knowledge about the application of new technologies in agriculture.
ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY AND BEHAVIOUR OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS-PILOT STUDY
Environmental literacy among agricultural producers is extremely important for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. In the paper, we examined the knowledge, education and environmental and agricultural literacy in individual farmers as well as their influence on their work in agricultural practice. The study was performed in agricultural region, in Vojvodina, Serbia. We used a self-designed questionnaire. A meeting interview and personal visits to farmer's households were used for filling the questionnaire. All agricultural producers in the examined region had 8 years of formal and more than half have higher education; more than half also attended additional informal education in the field of agriculture, and had very good knowledge in pesticide toxicity and its environmental impact. However, after flushing the spraying tank, more than half of the farmers reported disposing leftover pesticide solution in the yard or in the sewer, not being aware of the environmental threat. The level of education, as well as the knowledge on environmental threat of pesticides did not significantly affect the behavior of agricultural producers. Although they have a high level of knowledge about the pesticide management, they do not always apply it adequately in everyday practice. Additional environmental education on the implementation of theoretical knowledge in everyday practice is needed.
EFFECTS OF ADDED GROUND CORN GRAIN ON THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND PROTEIN DEGRADABILITY OF AN ENSILED MIXTURE OF COMMON VETCH AND OATS
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the addition of ground corn grain (CG) on the ensiling properties, nutritional value, and protein degradability of a forage mixture of common vetch and oats. Wilted and chopped vetch-oat forage was ensiled without treatment (VO) or after treatment with 50 or 100 g/kg (wet weight) of ground corn grain (VO+5% CG or VO+10% CG). The addition of CG significantly increased the dry matter content of silages (p<0.01), while crude protein (CP) content decreased by 4.7 and 9.3% in the VO+5% CG and VO+10% CG treatments, respectively. The use of CG in ensiled vetch-oat forage at 5 and 10% significantly increased (p<0.05) the nitrogen-free extract content by 4.8 and 11.7%, respectively. The addition of CG to ensiled forage resulted in higher values of lactic acid concentration (4.5 and 6.8%), especially when the proportion of milled grain was higher (p<0.05). Supplementation of CG to vetch-oat forage significantly lowered the pH of the silages (p<0.01). The use of ground CG in ensiled legume-cereal forage provided higher values for net energy (NE) concentration, which were significant (p<0.05) for NE for meat production. The ammonia-N concentration (protein fraction A1) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the VO+5% CG and VO+10% CG treatments (15.8 and 21%, respectively). Soluble protein (CP fraction A2) was also significantly lower (p<0.01) in VO+5% CG and VO+10% CG silages (8.2 and 12.1%). Protein degradability was affected by supplementation of ensiled forage with CG (p<0.05 for Kp=5%/h and p<0.01 for Kp=8%/h), with the lowest degradability observed in VO+10% CG silages. It is suggested that supplementation of vetch-oat forage with ground corn grain, especially at a higher proportion (10 vs. 5% wet weight), has a favorable effect on fermentation parameters, the proportion of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in CP, and nutritional value of the obtained silage.
The INTEGRATION OF MINERAL OIL AND WATER-WASHING AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR CONTROL OF PSEUDAULAULACASPIS PENTAGONA (HEMIPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE)
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Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti is one of the most important pests of peach trees in the northern provinces of Iran, especially Mazandaran. The insecticide resistance of P. pentagona female adults has caused that the application of conventional insecticides cannot control this pest, therefore, considering the severe and widespread damage of P. pentagona, it seems necessary to find a suitable alternative for these compounds. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of winter control by water-washing+mineral oil compared to repeated use of insecticides in controlling this pest in peach orchards of Mazandaran province. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three treatments and five replications in a peach orchard located in Makran village, Miandorud city. 1) Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos-methyl Kavosh®, 40% EC) and Ethion (Ethion Kavosh®, 47% EC) at a concentration of 2 L/1000L of water, (2) water-washing + mineral oil (Volk Kavosh®, 90% EC) at a ratio of 5% (V/V), and (3) control (no sprayed). The results of the present study showed that in most of the studied dates, there was a significant difference between the efficiency of water-washing+mineral oil compared to the chemical insecticides in controlling the population of different developmental stages of P. pentagona. In spring, water-washing+mineral oil spraying showed an efficacy of 80.25 and 75.71% in controlling the population of nymphs and the adult of P. pentagona, respectively. In summer, the efficiency of water-washing+mineral oil in reducing the population of nymphs and female adults was 77.00 and 69.12%, respectively. In autumn, water-washing+mineral oil recorded an 70.32 and 71.09% in controlling the populations of nymphs and adult of this pest. While efficiency of the insecticides used on the nymphs and adult was 63.70 and 55.78% in spring, 61.68 and 49.78% in summer, and 37.03 and 40.83% in autumn, respectively. As a result, the findings of the present study showed that winter control by only one time of water-washing+mineral oil had higher and significant efficiency compared to the use of chemical insecticides in three time.
AGROBIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF WINE GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE KYUSTENDIL REGION, BULGARIA
A comparative analysis of the agrobiological and economic potential of 2 white ('Slava' and 'Droujba') and 3 red ('Kaylashki rubin', 'Trapezitsa' and 'Rubin') wine grapevine cultivars under the soil and climatic conditions of the Kyustendil region of Bulgaria was carried out. Comparative variants (standards) for red cultivars are 'Pamid', and for white cultivars - 'Tamyanka'. The study was conducted during the period 2021-2024 in a collection vineyard of the Institute of Agriculture – Kyustendil, Bulgaria. In terms of quality, fertility and size of the clusters and berries, the studied cultivars reach and even exceed the values characteristic for each of them. The percentage of berries in the cluster was "high" in all variants - from 95.0% for 'Trapezitsa' to 97.2% for 'Kaylashki rubin' and 'Droujba'. The grapes of the 'Pamid' and 'Tamyanka' standards, as well as the interspecific cultivars 'Droujba' and 'Kaylashki rubin', was distinguished by a “very high” theoretical yield. In economic terms, the best results, according to the conditions of the experiment, were achieved with the red cultivars 'Trapezitsa' and 'Kaylashki rubin'. The high level of net income and the rate of profitability determine the presence of significant economic potential in the white cultivar 'Droujba' as well.
Optimizing yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency in fluted pumpkin through fertilizer microdosing
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7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footnote text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="header"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footer"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="table of figures"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="envelope address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="envelope return"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footnote reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="line number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="page number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="endnote reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="endnote text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="table of authorities"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="macro"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toa heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Closing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="Body Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 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UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Note Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Block Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="FollowedHyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Document Map"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Plain Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="E-mail Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Top of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal (Web)"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Acronym"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Cite"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Code"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML 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SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 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Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Balloon Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Theme"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" 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Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hashtag"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Unresolved Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Link"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Due to severely weathered soils and copious amounts of rainfall, the timing and rate of fertilizer application to enhance fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) yields, nitrogen use efficiency, and recovery have been key concerns in Southwestern Nigeria. The experiment was conducted using a 2 x 2 x 5 Randomized Complete Block Split Plot Design (RCBSPD) with four varieties. Ilesa and Ogbomoso made up the main plot, whereas the timing of urea fertilizer application and the five nitrogen levels 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1 made up sub-plots. The base application of 5 tons ha-1 organic fertilizer was added to (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) a week prior to planting. We calculated the biomass yield, recoveries, and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Regarding control, 20, 80 (kg N ha-1) urea, the fresh yield in tons ha-1 were 7.7, 9.4, 10.7, and 3.3, 8.3, 9.5 (kg N ha-1) for Ilesa and Ogbomoso. The highest nitrogen use efficiency (60.26 kg N ha-1) was obtained at the rate of 40 kg N ha-1 in Ilesa, and at the rate of 20 kg N ha-1 (61.91 kg N ha-1) in Ogbomoso. Higher fresh yield was obtained in Ilesa compared to the yield in Ogbomoso. It was determined that the best method for producing fluted pumpkin in Southwest Nigeria was to combine 5 tons of organic fertilizer with a microdosing of 20 to 40 kg N ha-1 as urea.
INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATE AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON THE PHENOLOGICAL PHASES OF DIFFERENT MAIZE HYBRIDS
The experiment was set up during 2016/2017 in the area of ​​Leskovac, on alluvium-type land. For research purposes, the duration of certain phenological phases, the entire vegetation period of 6 corn hybrids, and three FAO ripening groups (400-600), were monitored. The research aims to determine the duration of individual phenological phases and the entire vegetation based on the number of days, the sum of the total, and the sum of the effective temperatures, and to recommend suitable hybrids for the investigated area. Observed by years and sowing dates, the difference in vegetation length between the hybrid with the longest and the hybrid with the shortest vegetation period was 38 days, the difference in SUT is 414.7 °C, and the difference in SET is 240.0 °C. On average for two years, the lowest sum of effective temperatures of 1158.8 °C was recorded in the hybrid FAO group 400 ZP 434, and the highest at 1398.9 °C in the hybrid FAO group 600, NS 6030. Depending on the temperature conditions, the year in the first sowing period of individual phases was shortened with increasing temperature. The onset of periods with lower air temperatures and the length of the phenological phases lasted longer. The method of the sum of effective temperatures proved to be the most reliable method for determining the vegetation length of the corn hybrids examined.
IMPROVING THE STORAGE LIFE AND MARKETABILITY OF MATURE ORANGE CAPE GOOSEBERRY FRUIT: ENHANCEMENT OF THE ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM UNDER EXOGENOUS MELATONIN TREATMENT
The cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis peruviana L.) is a climacteric fruit that experiences significant color and texture changes during storage due to increased ethylene synthesis. While its storage life is one month with its calyx, it only lasts 4 to 5 days without it. Therefore, strategies to reduce postharvest losses and extend storage life are essential. In this study, entirely ripe orange cape gooseberry fruits with yellow calyces were harvested from a commercial greenhouse in Pasargad (Fars province, Iran) and transferred to the laboratory. After washing, fruits were immersed in melatonin solutions at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 µM for 5 minutes, with distilled water as the control. The fruits were stored at 10 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity for 21 days and evaluated weekly. Results showed that all melatonin treatments significantly controlled weight loss and fruit softening. Melatonin-treated fruits also had comparable taste indices and performed better than controls. Treatment with melatonin improved the antioxidant enzymatic system, with fruits treated with 300 µM melatonin showing the highest activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzymes, and the lowest hydrogen peroxide content, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Additionally, the lowest decay (17.4%) was in fruits treated with 300 µM melatonin, while the highest decay (43.83%) was in control fruits. Melatonin treatment proved effective in improving the quality and extending the shelf life of cape gooseberry fruits, acting as a valuable and environmentally friendly postharvest preservation method by delaying ripening, enhancing antioxidant activity, and preserving taste indices.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SOILS AND BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
This study explores a sustainable framework for bottom sediment management, utilizing both SWOT and PESTEL analyses to assess its strategic viability. Through structured evaluations, the study identifies key strengths, including the circular economy benefits of sediment reuse, job creation potential, and improvements in soil fertility. However, challenges such as contamination, regulatory compliance, and logistical costs are also highlighted as factors that need careful management. The PESTEL analysis reveals strong external support in the form of favorable environmental and regulatory conditions, while the SWOT analysis provides a positive strategic potential score, indicating a feasible path forward. Additionally, the study addresses the role of sediment management in post-war recovery, particularly relevant for areas in Ukraine, suggesting its application for landscape restoration and infrastructure reinforcement. By integrating both internal and external factors, this research offers a comprehensive model for sediment repurposing, supporting sustainable development goals in resource management, environmental protection, and agricultural productivity. The results emphasize the potential of applying sustainable sediment management practices in the agricultural sector to support sustainable development. Key words: sustainable sediment management, agricultural waste reuse, environmental resource management, circular economy in agriculture, remediation techniques, bioremediation in agriculture, post-war environmental recovery, bottom sediment recycling.