Medical Research
type: channel
description: Medical Research" is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Belgrade, which was first published in 1971, that is, half a century ago. The journal "Medical Research" is primarily dedicated to publishing the results of the scientific research work of teachers and associates of the Faculty of Medicine, as well as other scientists in the field of biomedical research. The journal "Medical Research" publishes scientific papers in English with an abstract in Serbian and has an open access policy. It is published three times a year, while the fourth volume also publishes summaries of the presentations at the "Aspirations and Innovations in Medicine" symposium. Original and previously unpublished works are published in the journal "Medical Research": a. original works in which the results of own research are published for the first time; b. review papers (Review), critically and originally presented (with self-citations); c. presentations of patients and cases (Case report). The works published in the journal "Medical Research" belong to the fields of: basic biomedical research, clinical research and preventive medicine. For the purpose of expert review of submitted papers, the Editorial Board of the journal is divided into three sections: basic, clinical and preventive sciences, and their work is coordinated by the Section Editors. The section for statistical data analysis will be involved in the evaluation of the statistical data of the submitted works.
publisher: Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu
language: en
publication name: Medical Research
issn: 0301-0619
items: Evolution of the SYNTAX score (I, II and II 2020): development, application and limitations in everyday clinical practice
items: Unilateral genu recurvatum: A case report
items: Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: Contemporary Approach to Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, Prevention and Management
items: IMAGING OF VASCULAR ANOMALIES OF THE AORTA AND VESSELS OF THE HEAD AND NECK- REVIEW ARTICLE
items: PERIOPERATIVE ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER MAJOR NON-CARDIAC SURGERY: RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL OUTCOMES, AND PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PERIOPERATIVE SCORING SYSTEMS
items: Sphenoid sinus pneumatization · Vidian canal · Anterior clinoid process · Pterygoid process · Multidetector computed tomography.
items: PREDICTORS OF CARDIAC ARREST IN CHILDREN
items: RETINAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
items: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
items: EFFECTS OF NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ON ACUTE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN
items: SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
items: NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH 22q11.2 DELETION SYNDROME AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC FOLLOW UP
items: CASE REPORT OF SEVERE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANCY: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
items: PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INDEXED STROKE VOLUME IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS AND PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
items: SCAPHOCEPHALY: A RETROSPECTIVE SERIES EXAMINING TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP
items: HYPERTHERMIC INTRATHORACIC CHEMOTHERAPY (HITHOC) - A TERTIARY ONCOLOGICAL CENTER EXPERIENCE
items: CT PERFUSION IN ONCOLOGICAL IMAGING
items: DEFENSIVE INJURIES IN HOMICIDE VICTIMS: A TEN-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE AUTOPSY STUDY
items: Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 in the cardiology intensive care unit
items: Revealing Hidden Neuroanatomical Patterns of the Brain for Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy Using Artificial Intelligence and Neuroimaging
items: SNAKE BITE WITH A FATAL OUTCOME IN WESTERN SERBIA – A RARE CASE REPORT
items: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF VARICEAL BLEEDING
items: Phenylketonuria: importance of neonatal screening, insights into genotype-phenotype correlations, and novel therapeutic approaches
items: The Use of Hybrid Systems in Neurorehabilitation: A Narrative Review
items: THE CONCEPT OF TRAUMATIC CHILDBIRTH AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
items: The Association of Physical Activity with the Severity of Carotid Disease
items: Distant Metastasis–Free Interval and Overall Survival in Breast Sarcoma: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study
items: Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: Clarifying the Role of the ‘Psychotherapy’
items: CAPILLAROSCOPY IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS OF DIFFERENT AGE
items: Turner disease: a contemporary clinical approach

Evolution of the SYNTAX score (I, II and II 2020): development, application and limitations in everyday clinical practice
type: item
description: Surgical myocardial revascularization is the gold standard for myocardial revascularization in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). The first randomized trials comparing bare metal stent (BMS) implantation and aorto-coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) resulted in similar mortality and myocardial infarction rate, and lower rate of repeat revascularization after CABG compared to BMS implantation, directed the development of drug eluting stents (DES) with the lower rate of clinical restenoses. Over the years, there was a need for objective assessment and calculation of risk and benefit of both surgical and percutaneous myocardial revascularization, and giving an advantage to one of these two methods, or equipoise for a specific patient. SYNTAX score I was used for the quantitative assessment of coronary stenoses complexity in a patient with CCS. However, two major flaws of the SYNTAX score I, (1) absence of the assessment of functional significance of coronary stenosis, and (2) absence of clinical variables that may influence perioperative mortality rate, were partially overcome with development of SYNTAX score II including clinical variables that showed the greatest association with mortality (age, creatinine clearance, left ventricular ejection fraction, unprotected left main coronary artery disease, female gender, peripheral vascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and SYNTAX score II 2020 predicting 10-year mortality rate. The SYNTAX score II and II 2020 potentially can change the recommendation for myocardial revascularization based on SYNTAX score I alone. This review focuses on development of these scores, their accuracy, predicitve value and limitations in practical applications in an individual patient with CCS.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Dejan Orlic
creator: Vladimir Zobenica
creator: Milorad Tesic
creator: Stefan Juricic
creator: Milorad Zivkovic
creator: Marko Ristic
creator: Branko Beleslin
creator: Srdjan Aleksandric
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
doi: 10.5937/medi0-65855

Unilateral genu recurvatum: A case report
type: item
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subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Vladan
creator: Bojana Aleksic
creator: Veljko Velickovic
creator: Filip Cucakovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
doi: 10.5937/medi0-57537

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: Contemporary Approach to Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, Prevention and Management
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Lidija Tulic
creator: Katarina
creator: Jelena Stojnic
creator: Jelena Micic
creator: Jovan Bila
creator: Stefan Ivanovic
creator: Jelena Dotlic
creator: Igor Pilic
creator: Dragisa Sljivancanin
creator: Ivan Tulic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
doi: 10.5937/medi0-65501

IMAGING OF VASCULAR ANOMALIES OF THE AORTA AND VESSELS OF THE HEAD AND NECK- REVIEW ARTICLE
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>sr</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locke…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Jelena Kostic
creator: Vladimir Cvetic
creator: Ana Mladenovic- Markovic
creator: Ivan Vukasinovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
doi: 10.5937/medi0-65018

PERIOPERATIVE ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER MAJOR NON-CARDIAC SURGERY: RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL OUTCOMES, AND PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PERIOPERATIVE SCORING SYSTEMS
type: item
description: Background: Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication after major non-cardiac surgery, associated with increased mortality, prolonged ICU stay, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Objective: To assess the impact of AKI severity and associated risk factors on clinical outcomes after major abdominal surgery and to evaluate the prognostic performance of SPARK, APACHE II, and SOFA scores, including sepsis-associated AKI. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Surgical ICU of University Hospital Center Bežanijska Kosa (Belgrade) from January to June 2024. Thirty adult patients who developed perioperative AKI after major abdominal surgery were analyzed. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria and sepsis according to Sepsis-3. Disease severity was assessed using APACHE II and SOFA, and preoperative AKI risk using the SPARK index. Results: AKI occurred in 30 operated patients. KDIGO stages were: stage 1 in 26.7%, stage 2 in 30.0%, and stage 3 in 43.3%. In-hospital mortality was 30.0% and occurred exclusively in patients older than 60 years. Mortality was significantly higher in KDIGO stage 3 (61.5% vs. 5.9%, p=0.0016). KDIGO stage 3 and age >60 years were strongly associated with death. SPARK showed good discrimination for severe AKI (AUC≈0.78), while APACHE II demonstrated excellent performance for severe AKI and mortality (AUC≈0.97). RRT use was more frequent in advanced AKI stages. Conclusions: Perioperative AKI was infrequent but severe, with high mortality driven by KDIGO stage 3 and advanced age. SPARK and particularly APACHE II were useful for risk stratification.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Sekulic
creator: Olivera Marinkovic
creator: Danilo Milic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64977

Sphenoid sinus pneumatization · Vidian canal · Anterior clinoid process · Pterygoid process · Multidetector computed tomography.
type: item
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subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Igor Djoric
creator: Djurdjina Kablar
creator: Ivan Milic
creator: Marina Milic
creator: Lazar Stankovic
creator: Zoran Radojicic
creator: Ana Starcevic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-04-15
publication date: 2026-04-15
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64914

PREDICTORS OF CARDIAC ARREST IN CHILDREN
type: item
description: The incidence of cardiac arrest (CA) in pediatric patients is lower than in the adult population. The unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of children contribute to differences in the etiology of CA and the outcomes of resuscitation. Key factors for surviving a life-threatening event include the rapid recognition of CA and the prompt initiation of effective resuscitation. Therefore, identifying predictors of CA is crucial, as they indicate the potential for such an event and help differentiate affected patients from others. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of CA by appropriate treatment in these situations. Moreover, there are significant differences in the approach, implementation of resuscitation procedures, treatment, outcomes, and education regarding CA events that occur in children, whether they take place in-hospital or out-of-hospital.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Vesna Stevanovic
creator: Marin Bobos
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
doi: 10.5937/medi0-63532

RETINAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
type: item
description: INTRODUCTION/AIM Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and inflammatory disease of the airways that often leads to cardiovascular and microvascular changes. This study aimed to analyze retinal microcirculation in patients with COPD using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study. A total of 44 subjects were analyzed, including 28 with COPD and 16 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria were subjects older than 18 years with a confirmed COPD diagnosis based on spirometric parameters RESULTS The statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for the following parameters: deep capillary plexus macular (p = 0.009), parafoveal (p = 0.026), and perifoveal region (p = 0.034). A significant negative correlation was observed between the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) and the vessel density in the macular and perifoveal superficial capillary plexus regions (p<0.05). The choriocapillaris Flow also demonstrates a significant inverse relationship with the RV/TLC ratio. Regarding the deeper retinal layers, our analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between outer retina Flow and forced vital capacity (FVC). CONCLUSION Monitoring changes in the OCTA parameters, particularly in relation to lung volume parameters like RV/TLC and FVC, we conclude that OCTA may provide valuable insights into systemic vascular progression and overall severity of the disease in COPD patients
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Jelena Vasilijevic
creator: Marija Laban Lazovic
creator: Jelica Pantelic
creator: Tanja Kalezic
creator: Kosana Sofronijevic
creator: Andjela Popovic
creator: Marko Svetel
creator: Snezana Polovina
creator: Igor Kovacevic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
doi: 10.5937/medi0-65122

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" Unhide…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Isidora Vujcic
creator: Jadranka Maksimovic
creator: Sandra Sipetic Grujicic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
doi: 10.5937/medi0-58650

EFFECTS OF NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ON ACUTE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN
type: item
description: Introduction/Aim of the paper: Pain represents a multifactorial process with detrimental effects on the entire organism. This randomized, open-label pilot study investigated the effect of preemptive administration of ketamine and magnesium-sulfate on the intensity of postoperative pain after laparoscopic colon tumor resection. Methods: Sixty patients were randomized into the ketamine-magnesium (KM) and the control (C) groups. After the introduction to anesthesia, patients in the KM group received an i.v. bolus dose of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.6 mg/kg/h lasting until the end of surgery. After a bolus dose of ketamine, they received magnesium-sulfate 20 mg/kg in an intravenous infusion (5-10 minutes). Group C received only 0.9% NaCl infusion. After the patients were awakened (0h), the pain intensity was compared (0- 46h) between the two groups. Results: The Mann-Whitney test implied significantly (p<0.05) lower visual analog scale (VAS) scores, in KM group at 0, 1, 2, 10, 22 and 30 hours after the surgery, and no statistical significance (p>0.05) for VAS scores after 6, 14, 18, 38 and 46 hours, compared to C group. Ketamine and magnesium-sulfate significantly (p<0.05) reduced the postoperative consumption of analgesics, increased the sedation level at 0h postoperatively, and increased the overall patient satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusion: Preemptive administration of ketamine and magnesium-sulfate combination has beneficial effect on postoperative pain after laparoscopic colon tumor resection.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Maja Z Stojanovic
creator: Predrag Stevanovic
creator: Sonja Vuckovic
creator: Katarina Savic Vujovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
doi: 10.5937/medi0-58810

SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Q…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Ljiljana Milic
creator: Vladica Cuk
creator: Jovan Juloski
creator: Ratomir Tomic
creator: Marko Surlan
creator: Ana Starcevic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
doi: 10.5937/medi0-58918

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH 22q11.2 DELETION SYNDROME AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC FOLLOW UP
type: item
description: Summary Neurodevelopmental disorders are the most prevalent chronic diagnoses in pediatric primary care, with rising incidence and significant impact on cognitive, motor, social, and communication functioning. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS)—the most common human microdeletion syndrome—presents with a broad spectrum of somatic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Nearly all individuals with 22q11.2 DS show neurodevelopmental difficulties, including delays in motor and speech milestones, cognitive impairments, and behavioral challenges. The disorder affects approximately 1 in 2,500 newborns and is also associated with congenital heart defects, palatal anomalies, hypocalcemia, and immunodeficiency. Neurodevelopmental manifestations typically begin in infancy with delayed motor and speech development and progress into school age with difficulties in learning, attention, and peer interaction. Intellectual disabilities are common, with a distribution skewed toward lower IQ scores. Children often exhibit a verbal-performance IQ discrepancy and may experience further cognitive decline in adolescence or adulthood. Over 40% of affected individuals meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or both. They also have increased risks for psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Pediatricians, as primary care providers, play a critical role in early identification and long-term monitoring. Recommendations include routine developmental assessments, early interventions (e.g., speech and occupational therapy), and regular IQ and adaptive functioning evaluations, especially during educational transitions. Early diagnosis and individualized, multidisciplinary approaches are essential to improve developmental outcomes and quality of life in children with 22q11.2 DS. Keywords: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorders
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Goran Cuturilo
creator: Zorana Pavlovic
creator: Danijela Drakulic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
doi: 10.5937/medi0-58355

CASE REPORT OF SEVERE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANCY: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Jelica Uljarevic
creator: Marko Stankovic
creator: Suzana Drobnjak
creator: Gordana Tosovic
creator: Natasa Karadzov Orlic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
doi: 10.5937/medi0-62736

PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INDEXED STROKE VOLUME IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS AND PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
type: item
description: Introduction and aim: Whether and when to intervene in asymptomatic patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has not yet been determined. In patients with AS, low flow through the aortic valve is defined as indexed stroke volume (SVi) ≤35ml/m2. The aim of our work was to determine the relationship between SVi and all-cause mortality, as well as the prognostic significance of low SVi in asymptomatic patients with moderate to severe AS, high mean gradient across (Pmean) the aortic valve and preserved LVEF. Methods: The study included 121 asymptomatic patients (69 men, mean age 66±11 years) with moderate-to-severe AS (aortic valve area ≤1.5cm2), high Pmean across the aortic valve and preserved LVEF. The median follow-up was 38 months (IQR 35-42 months). Results: Ten patients (8%) died during the follow-up. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the group of AS-patients with SVi ≤35ml/m2 compared with those with SVi >35ml/m2 (15% vs. 4%, p<0.045). The cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the group of AS-patients with SVi ≤35ml/m2 compared with those with SVi >35ml/m2 (log-rank p-value 0.035). After adjustment for outcome predictors, SVi was found to be the most significant predictor of all-cause mortality in the mid-term follow-up (adjusted-HR: 0.870; 95%CI: 0.801–0.945; p=0.001). Conclusion: The left ventricular SVi is an important predictor of all-cause mortality in asymptomatic patients with moderate-to-severe AS, high Pmean across the aortic valve, and preserved LVEF.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Srdjan Aleksandric
creator: Nina Miljkovic
creator: Sara Tomovic
creator: Stefan
creator: Aleksandra Djokovic
creator: Nikola Boskovic
creator: Srdjan Dedic
creator: Marina Ostojic
creator: Marija Ristic
creator: Ivan
creator: Katarina Zivic
creator: David sarenac
creator: Tomislav Smiljkovic
creator: Lidija Pantic
creator: Anja Bogovic
creator: Anja Stanojlovic
creator: Vojislav Giga
creator: Ivana Nedeljkovic
creator: Marko Banovic
creator: Ivan Soldatovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
doi: 10.5937/medi0-59653

SCAPHOCEPHALY: A RETROSPECTIVE SERIES EXAMINING TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Q…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirko Micovic
creator: Vladimir Bascarevic
creator: Aleksandar Janicijevic
creator: Jovan Grujic
creator: Marina Milic
creator: Bojana Zivkovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
doi: 10.5937/medi0-58404

HYPERTHERMIC INTRATHORACIC CHEMOTHERAPY (HITHOC) - A TERTIARY ONCOLOGICAL CENTER EXPERIENCE
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>ZH-CN</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority=…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Dejan Stojiljkovic
creator: Sanja Mitrovic
creator: Ana Cvetkovic
creator: Vladimir Cvetic
creator: Ana Aleksic
creator: Tanja Stojiljkovic
creator: Igor Spuric
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-11-28
publication date: 2025-11-28
doi: 10.5937/medi0-57959

CT PERFUSION IN ONCOLOGICAL IMAGING
type: item
description: Computed tomography (CT) perfusion is CT examination modality that enables visualization and non-invasive quantitative assessment of tissue perfusion. Application of CT perfusion in oncology enables non-invasive detection and quantification of neo-angiogenesis (i. e. pathological vascularization) of various malignant tumors. Based on value of CT perfusion parameters, it is possible to distinguish neoplasm from healthy tissue, malignant from benign tumors, high-aggressive from low-aggressive tumors, and good from poor tumor response to oncological therapy. Basic principle of performing the low-dose CT perfusion implies repeated scanning of selected region where tumor is located, using reduced tube voltage and current, in short time intervals after intravenous administration of small bolus of iodine contrast by automatic injector with a high flow rate. Using different kinetic-mathematical models, several software for CT perfusion analysis have been developed, by which it is possible to measure following tissue perfusion parameters: blood flow (BF), circulating blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT) and vascular permeability (PS or K trans). Results obtained by different CT perfusion software are not comparable. Standardized perfusion value (SPV) is a universal semi-quantitative indicator of tissue perfusion, which is independent of the CT perfusion algorithm and can be simply calculated in the absence of commercial CT perfusion software. Values of BF, BV and PS are significantly higher, and MTT is shorter in the majority of high-grade malignant tumors compared to low-grade, benign tumors and healthy tissue. Significant decline of CT perfusion parameter values is a marker of good response of neoplasm to the oncological therapy.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandra Djuric-Stefanovic
creator: Milica Mitrovic Jovanovic
creator: Jekena Kovac
creator: Aleksandar Ivanovic
creator: Slavenko Ostojic
creator: Nikica Grubor
creator: Dejan Stojakov
creator: Predrag Sabljak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64148

DEFENSIVE INJURIES IN HOMICIDE VICTIMS: A TEN-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE AUTOPSY STUDY
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Q…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Neda Subakov
creator: Marija Ciric
creator: Veljko Milosevic
creator: Tijana Gojkovic
creator: Aleksandra Cibic
creator: Milenko Bogdanovic
creator: Tijana Petrovic
creator: Bojana Radnic
creator: Irina Banjanin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
doi: 10.5937/medi0-63646

Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 in the cardiology intensive care unit
type: item
description: The kidneys and the heart are closely connected, and the dysfunction or failure of one organ often leads to the dysfunction or failure of the other. This condition is known as cardiorenal syndrome. There are five types of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), categorized by the primarily failing organ (the kidneys or the heart) and whether the failure is acute or chronic. CRS type 1 (CRS-1) is defined as acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by acute heart failure (AHF). CRS-1 develops in more than 30% of patients hospitalized in the cardiology intensive care unit (CICU). The aim of this narrative review is to present the pathophysiological mechanisms, therapeutic implications and prognostic significance of CRS-1 in patients hospitalized in the CICU. The mechanisms of CRS-1 development are complex. They include low cardiac output and venous congestion with subsequent neurohumoral activation and inflammation. Since the hallmark of CRS-1 is diuretic resistance, the development of CRS-1 complicates the treatment strategy in acutely decompensated patients, and strongly and negatively affects patients’ short- and long-term outcomes. For clinicians, early identification of patients at risk of developing CRS-1 is essential, along with timely adjustment of the therapeutic approach to achieve optimal decongestion, prevent CRS-1 progression, and improve both short- and long-term prognosis.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Lidija Savic
creator: Dragan Matic
creator: Aleksandra Milosevic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64542

Revealing Hidden Neuroanatomical Patterns of the Brain for Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy Using Artificial Intelligence and Neuroimaging
type: item
description: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with advanced neuroimaging techniques represents one of the most important developments in contemporary neuroscience and clinical neuroanatomy. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize how machine learning and deep learning methods may be applied to neuroimaging data in order to reveal hidden anatomical and functional patterns of the brain with direct clinical relevance. Neuroanatomy plays a central role in this process, providing the structural framework for interpreting functional, metabolic and electrophysiological signals. AI-based analysis enables the detection of subtle alterations in gray and white matter, identification of disrupted brain networks, and integration of multimodal imaging data beyond the limits of human perception and conventional statistical approaches. These capabilities contribute to earlier and more accurate diagnosis, improved disease differentiation, identification of neurobiological subtypes, and more reliable prognostic assessment. In addition to diagnostic applications, AI supports the development of personalized therapeutic strategies, including targeted neuromodulation, neuroimaging-guided surgery, adaptive brain–computer interfaces, and individualized neurofeedback. Despite existing challenges related to data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and ethical regulation, the synergy between AI and neuroimaging represents a critical step toward precision medicine. By leveraging detailed neuroanatomical information, AI-driven approaches enable therapies tailored to the unique brain structure and network organization of each individual.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Starcevic
creator: Aleksandar Malikovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64446

SNAKE BITE WITH A FATAL OUTCOME IN WESTERN SERBIA – A RARE CASE REPORT
type: item
description: Introduction: Snakebites can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations, from local tissue effects to systemic complications, including rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy, acute kidney injury, neurological, and cardiac events. Although snakebites in Western Serbia are generally not a major public health issue, severe cases may occur, with potentially fatal outcomes. Patient review: We report the case of a 71-year-old man bitten by Vipera ammodytes in ####, Western Serbia. He presented with fatigue, vomiting, and swelling of the left hand one hour after the bite. His past medical history included diabetes mellitus, ischemic stroke, and cerebral aneurysm repair. On admission, he was hypotensive and dehydrated, with a local hematoma and thrombocytopenia. He received antivenom, corticosteroids, dopamine, antibiotics, and supportive care. Despite initial stabilization, the patient developed acute respiratory distress, acute kidney injury, hypotension, and peripheral cyanosis, requiring mechanical ventilation and dual inotropic support. Laboratory findings indicated coagulopathy and rising markers of organ injury. Despite intensive management, the patient succumbed to complications. Conclusion: This represents the first reported fatal snakebite in Western Serbia in the past 30 years. The primary pathogenic mechanism was likely disseminated intravascular coagulation triggered by the venom. This case highlights the importance of prolonged clinical and laboratory monitoring, timely supportive therapy, and awareness of severe systemic complications following snakebites, even in regions with historically low incidence.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Sladjana Pavic
creator: Branko Tomic
creator: Aleksa Novkovic
creator: Rastko Ajtic
creator: Sonja Nikolic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
doi: 10.5937/medi0-63169

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF VARICEAL BLEEDING
type: item
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subject: Review Article
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creator: Dusan Popovic
creator: Marija Marjanovic Haljilji
creator: Dragana Mijac
creator: Jelena Martinov-Nestorov
creator: Jasna Trbojevic-Stankovic
creator: Milica Radojkovic
creator: Branka Filipovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64236

Phenylketonuria: importance of neonatal screening, insights into genotype-phenotype correlations, and novel therapeutic approaches
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description: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inborn error of metabolism (IEM) affecting amino acid metabolism among individuals of Caucasian origin, with an incidence ranging from 1:10,000 to 1:20,000 live births. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and results from reduced activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), leading to the accumulation of phenylalanine and a deficiency of tyrosine. In untreated patients, the clinical phenotype is primarily a consequence of neurotoxicity and includes developmental delay, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. To date, more than 1,100 pathogenic variants of the PAH gene have been identified. The most frequent pathogenic variant reported in Serbia is p.Leu48Ser. Numerous studies have focused on elucidating genotype-phenotype correlations in PKU. Early detection through newborn screening (NBS) programs, based on the identification of elevated phenylalanine concentrations, and prompt initiation of treatment, remains the only effective strategy to prevent intellectual disability and epilepsy and to enable normal neurodevelopment. The introduction of tandem mass spectrometry has significantly expanded the number of IEMs detected by NBS programs across Europe and worldwide. PKU treatment continues on a phenylalanine-restricted diet, which is highly effective but demanding for patients and their families. Adjunct therapeutic approaches include the use of the PAH cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin and enzyme substitution therapy with pegvaliase, aiming to liberalize diet. However, a major limitation of tetrahydrobiopterin therapy is the lack of response in patients with severe phenotypes. The introduction of BH2 (sepiapterin) offers promising prospects for increasing residual PAH activity across different phenotypic groups.
subject: Review Article
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creator: Maja Djordjevic Milosevic
creator: Bozica Kecman
creator: Sanja Grkovic
creator: Jelena Martic
creator: Kristel Klaassen
creator: Sara Stankovic
creator: Maja Stojiljkovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64781

The Use of Hybrid Systems in Neurorehabilitation: A Narrative Review
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description: The use of hybrid systems in neurorehabilitation represents a significant advancement in the field, integrating multiple technological and therapeutic approaches to enhance recovery outcomes for patients with neurological impairments. Recent technological advancements have given rise to hybrid neurorehabilitation systems—integrative platforms that combine biological signals and artificial technologies to drive more effective and personalized rehabilitation This multifaceted approach addresses the complex nature of neural damage and plasticity, offering personalized and adaptive rehabilitation protocols. Hybrid systems in neurorehabilitation commonly integrate modalities such as brain-computer interfaces, robotics, functional electrical stimulation and virtual reality. These systems leverage multimodal sensory feedback and advanced control algorithms to promote neuroplasticity, functional reorganization, and motor relearning by actively involving the patient’s neural and muscular activity in real-time therapeutic interventions. Clinical studies have demonstrated that hybrid systems can improve motor functions in stroke survivors, spinal cord injury patients, and individuals with neurodegenerative diseases more effectively than conventional rehabilitation alone. These systems offer quantifiable performance metrics, allowing clinicians to tailor interventions and monitor progress objectively. Furthermore, the technology enables intensive, repetitive, and task-specific practice, which are critical factors in neural recovery. Overall, hybrid systems in neurorehabilitation exemplify the convergence of neuroscience, engineering, and clinical therapy, resulting in innovative solutions that maximize functional recovery. Future developments will likely focus on increasing system accessibility, optimizing user interfaces, and integrating machine learning algorithms to refine adaptive rehabilitation strategies further
subject: Review Article
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creator: Olivera Djordjevic
creator: Ana Radic
creator: Aleksandra Vidakovic
creator: Sindi Mitrovic
creator: Suzana Dedijer Dujovic
creator: Tijana Dimkic Tomic
creator: Ljubica Konstantinovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
doi: 10.5937/medi0-62154

THE CONCEPT OF TRAUMATIC CHILDBIRTH AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
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description: Childbirth is expected to be a predictable and positive experience in a woman's life. Nevertheless, traumatic experiences related to childbirth have been described for years, which in the most severe cases can result in the onset of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder. According to current evidence, about 4.7% of women after delivery will meet the criteria for Childbirth-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CB-PTSD) diagnosis. Unfortunately, little is known about the aspects of traumatic childbirth, the risk factors for the occurrence of this disorder are insufficiently known, and if it progresses to a clinical diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, it is rarely diagnosed and even less often treated. Viewing childbirth as a traumatic experience can have numerous consequences in the form of avoiding subsequent pregnancies, sexual relations or gynecological examinations, avoiding obligations regarding the newborn, breastfeeding, making attachment with the baby difficult, and the relationship between partners can become dysfunctional. Given this, it is extremely important to increase professional and general awareness of this mental disorder, getting to know the risk factors for its occurrence and possibilities for its diagnosis and treatment.
subject: Review Article
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creator: Maja Milosavljevic Markovic
creator: Nevena Radonjic
creator: Cedo Miljevic
creator: Olivera Vukovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64490

The Association of Physical Activity with the Severity of Carotid Disease
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description: Introduction: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with the severity of carotid disease. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 506 patients from the Vascular Surgery Clinic at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases „Dedinje“, who underwent carotid endarterectomy from 2012 - 2017. The severity of carotid disease was assessed based on the degree of carotid stenosis, the type of plaque, and the patients’ symptomatic status before surgery. Patient physical activity data were collected using the standardized Baecke questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine the association between physical activity and the severity of carotid disease. Results: According to the univariate analysis, there was no significant association of any form of physical activity (occupational, sports or recreational) with the degree of carotid stenosis, nor with other characteristics. Also, physical activity was not associated with complicated carotid plaque. The only characteristic associated with complicated carotid plaque was the use of OACs in therapy (OR=2.91; 95% CI=1.12-7.52; p=0.028). The relationship between physical activity and symptomatic carotid disease was not observed, but according to multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with symptomatic status: age (OR=0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.016), gender (OR=0.64; 95% CI 0.44-0.99; p=0.028), family history of CVD (OR=0.63; 95%CI 0.43-0.94; p=0.022), use of clopidogrel (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.18-2.71; p=0.006) and ACEIs in therapy (OR=1.60; 95% CI 1.02-2.53; p=0.041). Conclusion: Physical activity was not associated with the severity of carotid disease.
subject: Original Article
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creator: Danka Vukasinovic
creator: Milos Maksimovic
creator: Slobodan Tanaskovic
creator: Andja Cirkovic
creator: Hristina Vlajinac
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
doi: 10.5937/medi0-64316

Distant Metastasis–Free Interval and Overall Survival in Breast Sarcoma: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study
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description: Background: Breast sarcomas (BS) are rare malignant tumors with aggressive behavior and limited evidence guiding outcome assessment. Data on distant metastasis–free interval (DMFI) in this population are scarce. This study aimed to describe oncologic outcomes and to explore clinicopathologic factors associated with DMFI and overall survival (OS) in patients with BS treated with curative intent. Methods: Patients with primary or secondary breast sarcoma treated at a single tertiary cancer center between 2013 and 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis were excluded. DMFI was the primary endpoint and OS was secondary. Survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods and compared with log-rank tests. Exploratory receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed for descriptive stratification. Results: Twenty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Angiosarcoma was the most common histologic subtype, predominantly occurring as secondary disease after prior breast radiotherapy. Median DMFI was not reached during follow-up, with 71.5% of patients remaining metastasis free at 3 years, whereas median OS was 31 months with a 3-year OS of 46.9%. Shorter DMFI was associated with higher pathological T stage, larger tumors, tumor necrosis, younger age, and narrower resection margins. Overall survival was significantly associated only with resection margins, which was the sole variable related to both DMFI and OS. Exploratory Cox regression analyses were inconclusive because of limited event numbers. Conclusions: Tumor burden–related factors, tumor necrosis, and surgical margin width were associated with metastasis-related outcomes and survival in breast sarcoma. Adequate surgical resection remains critical in this rare and heterogeneous disease.
subject: Original Article
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creator: Marko Buta
creator: Merima Goran
creator: Zorka Inic
creator: Nada Santrac
creator: Nikola Jeftic
creator: Jovan Raketic
creator: Saska Pavlovic
creator: Nevena Savkovic
creator: Milan Zegarac
creator: Dejan Stojiljkovic
creator: Ana Cvetkovic
creator: Suzana Stojanovic-Rundic
creator: Andjelija Cvetkovic
creator: Ivan Markovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
doi: 10.5937/medi0-63835

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: Clarifying the Role of the ‘Psychotherapy’
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description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
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creator: Stefan Jerotic
creator: Olga Čolović
creator: Nadja Marić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical Research
date: 2026-02-13
publication date: 2026-02-13
doi: 10.5937/medi0-62051

CAPILLAROSCOPY IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS OF DIFFERENT AGE
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description: Introduction: Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool used to detect morphological abnormalities in the microcirculation. The assessment of capillaroscopic findings in healthy subjects is likely the area where controversies are most difficult to resolve. This review focuses on capillary architecture in healthy individuals across different age groups. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus using the following terms: capillaroscopy, healthy subjects, Raynaud’s phenomenon, microcirculation, and microvascular abnormalities. A total of 10 relevant articles were identified. Results: The shape of capillaries and the architecture of the nailfold microvascular network can vary significantly among healthy individuals. The most commonly observed abnormalities in this population include tortuosity, crossovers, homogeneously enlarged loops, neoangiogenic capillaries, and microbleeding. Less frequently, more unusual patterns, such as ramified, bushy, or glomerular loops, may be observed. These atypical features require careful evaluation to avoid missing a potential underlying disease. Conclusion: This review critically examines capillaroscopy findings in healthy individuals, taking into account typical nail care practices and age-related changes. These insights may assist clinicians in distinguishing physiological variations from early signs of microvascular damage.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
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creator: Slavica Pavlov-Dolijanovic
creator: Milan Bogojevic
creator: Dragana Pravilovic Lutovac
creator: Mirjana Zlatkovic-Svenda
creator: Ana Markovic
creator: Aleksandra Djokovic
creator: Goran Radunovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Investigations
date: 2025-07-17
publication date: 2025-07-17
doi: 10.5937/medi0-57524

Turner disease: a contemporary clinical approach
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subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Array
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creator: Milina Tančić Gajić
creator: Bojana Tesla
creator: Marija Miletic
creator: Milos Stojanovic
creator: Svetlana Vujovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Research
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
doi: 10.5937/medi0-57350