Norma
type: channel
publisher: Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Pedagoški fakultet u Somboru
language: en
publication name: Norma
issn: 0353-7129
items: Application of NTC Techniques and Games in Teaching Mathematical Content in Primary Education
items: A Journey Through Victorian Literature
items: Children’s Play and Learning About the Environment
items: Didactization of Cultural Content in Foreign Language Instruction
items: School of Romology at the University of Novi Sad: 2004-2015
items: Methodological Approaches to Learning Traditional Singing and Playing: A Case Study from the Faculty of Education in Sombor
items: Teachers' Attitudes Toward Integrated Teaching Based on Visual Arts as a Prerequisite for the Development of Student Competencies for the 21st Century
items: The hidden curriculum of gender in Serbian textbooks
items: Game „Escape room“ as innovative teaching material
items: erception of preschool teachers of educational computer games and the development of socio-emotional competencies in preschool children
items: Factors influencing children's readiness for school entry
items: Public awareness of the field of speech-language pathology
items: Evaluation of an intercultural exchange program: an example of the experience of elementary school students and their parents
items: Historical genesis of the concept of number and number systems - possibilities of application in the initial teaching of mathematics (I)
items: Voices and silences
items: Digital media and self-learning: the role of the library
items: Financial literacy – best practices
items: The significance of music-pedagogical work of Zorislava M. Vasiljević for Music Education in Lower Elementary School Grades
items: The effects of teacher expectations on student motivation to learn
items: Requirements and tasks of educators in the function of moral development and education of young children in preschool programs/curricula in the Republics of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia
items: 21st Century Skills In Educational Standards For Lower Secondary Education In Slovakia
items: Jewish culture as a vital element of local identity trought history – mini project carried on Faculty of Education in Sombor
items: Celebration of Saint Sava's Day in Serbian schools in the Salonica vilayet at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century
items: Learning by using visual arts in the lower primary classes through content integration
items: An overview of previous research on learning and teaching about mixtures and solutions
items: The 'secret' to student success – factors influencing achievement in music education and training
items: Teachers' attitudes on the contribution of media in teaching Serbian language and literature
items: Achievements of elementary school students on a knowledge test about types and properties of materials
items: A methodical approach to learning three-part bagpipes from Vojvodina based on the contribution of Maxim Mudrinić
items: Perspectives of gamification in teaching from the aspect of cybernetic-information theory

Application of NTC Techniques and Games in Teaching Mathematical Content in Primary Education
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description: The development of mathematical literacy in early education represents a key factor for children’s cognitive development and later academic achievement. This paper presents the results of applying games, techniques, and activities from the NTC learning system in teaching mathematics to students from grades 1 to 4. The focus is on the game “ Add a Color to the Number” for practicing arithmetic operations, the board game “Multiplier” for mastering the multiplication table, and the technique of illogical stories for learning Roman numerals. The results show that the use of games and associative learning enables children to acquire knowledge not only mechanically, but through active, meaningful, and emotionally engaging experiences. Particularly significant effects were noticed in learning the multiplication table, where students demonstrated high motivation, success, and the development of strategic thinking. Activities such as addition through associations and learning Roman numerals with illogical stories contributed to creativity and easier mastery of the material.
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Slavica Bobić
creator: Vuk Rajović
creator: Dragana Vesić
creator: Jelena Šuvira
creator: Mirela Mrđa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 105
ending page: 120
doi: 10.5937/norma30-61162

A Journey Through Victorian Literature
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subject: Review
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creator: Nataša Gojković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 173
ending page: 175
doi: 10.5937/norma30-61861

Children’s Play and Learning About the Environment
type: item
subject: Review
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creator: Admir Metić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 177
ending page: 180
doi: 10.5937/norma30-60478

Didactization of Cultural Content in Foreign Language Instruction
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subject: Professional article
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creator: Nikolina Nikolčić
creator: Milica Pančevac
creator: Milka Mitrović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 151
ending page: 160
doi: 10.5937/norma30-60878

School of Romology at the University of Novi Sad: 2004-2015
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description: Although Romology is not formally taught as a distinct interdisciplinary subject at state universities in the Republic of Serbia, the School of Romology operated at the University of Novi Sad from 2004 to 2015 as an alternative educational platform. The program was designed to engage both Roma and non-Roma students, aiming to integrate the discipline into the broader academic environment. The curriculum employed an interdisciplinary approach to Roma studies, utilizing interactive methodologies such as discussion, mentoring, research, and project work. Furthermore, the program maintained networks with similar academic initiatives in Manchester and Graz. The aim of this paper is to present the School of Romology as a successful case study of higher education in an alternative academic space. It further argues for the necessity and benefits of institutionalizing Romology as a scientific discipline within Serbian faculties and universities. The empirical analysis is based on 43 evaluation forms completed by participants (2004-2015) and interviews with five former students. The study concludes that providing the Roma community with the opportunity to study their language, culture, and history is essential. It is recommended that similar or identical programs be re-established and sustained at higher education institutions within the University of Novi Sad.
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Slavica Denic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 161
ending page: 171
doi: 10.5937/norma30-62679

Methodological Approaches to Learning Traditional Singing and Playing: A Case Study from the Faculty of Education in Sombor
type: item
description: This paper examines the methodological approaches used in teaching the course Choir and Orchestra at the Faculty of Education in Sombor, with a particular focus on the role of traditional singing and instrumental performance in the development of students’ performance and pedagogical competencies. Through the analysis of teaching practice and course content, the study highlights the importance of integrating elements of intangible cultural heritage into the educational process with the aim of enhancing musical literacy, expressiveness, and methodological preparedness of future teachers. The theoretical framework is based on contemporary music pedagogy models that emphasize experiential learning and cultural context. The findings indicate that such approaches not only enrich music instruction but also contribute to the preservation of cultural identity and the improvement of the overall quality of music education.
subject: Professional article
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creator: Filip Jović Vujaković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 137
ending page: 150
doi: 10.5937/norma30-60211

Teachers' Attitudes Toward Integrated Teaching Based on Visual Arts as a Prerequisite for the Development of Student Competencies for the 21st Century
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description: This research examines teachers’ attitudes toward the integration of content from various subjects within visual arts classes and its impact on educational outcomes and the development of 21st-century competencies. The study also explores the extent to which teachers apply the didactic principles of integrated teaching within their visual arts pedagogy. A quantitative research method was employed, with data collected via a non-standardized electronic questionnaire (rating scale). The voluntary sample consisted of 100 primary school teachers from the North, South, and Central Banat districts of the Republic of Serbia during the 2019/20 school year. The research revealed that teachers hold exceptionally positive attitudes toward visual arts-based integrated teaching regarding learning outcomes, problem-solving skills, divergent thinking, lifelong learning, and functional knowledge. The study concludes that fundamental principles of integrated teaching are observable in visual arts practice and that this approach effectively fosters essential student competencies for the future.
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Sanja Bikić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 121
ending page: 136
doi: 10.5937/norma30-52809

The hidden curriculum of gender in Serbian textbooks
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description: Many documents in the Republic of Serbia mention gender equality as one of the key concepts and goals of education. However, the literature draws attention to the school as the place of gender inequality reproduction. Textbooks are primary instruments for transmitting both formally prescribed content, as well as implicit messages, including those related to gender. Among other things, various gender stereotypes and inequalities can be reinforced and maintained in this way. The implicit content conveying gender messages is referred to as the hidden curriculum of gender, which, although implicit, can influence students’ behavior and the development of their attitudes toward men and women. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of contemporary research of gender sensitivity in textbooks for primary and secondary schools. To determine the presence of implicit gender messages in Serbian textbooks, a literature analysis of papers written in the period 2006-2025 was conducted. The analysis included six studies about textbooks for primary and secondary schools which focus on the gender dimension, and the data were categorized with regard to the textual or visual representations. The analyzed material reveals a lower representation of women (visually and thematically) in textbooks, a clear stereotyping of the roles of women through the family sphere and men through the professional sphere, as well as a general lack of gender-sensitive language. The authors emphasize the importance of textbooks as soruces of gender (in)equality and provide recommendations for further research.
subject: Review article
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creator: Nevena Grozdanovski
creator: Simona Bekic
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 69
ending page: 83
doi: 10.5937/norma30-59192

Game „Escape room“ as innovative teaching material
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description: Modern teaching requires students to be active participants in their education. One of the challenges that teachers face is motivating students to learn. A game, as an activity that is close to children, can be an excellent didactic tool if it is adapted to the goals of teaching and learning. Escape room is a popular game based on teamwork, discovering clues and solving puzzles in order to escape from a locked room in a limited amount of time, with a certain dose of mystery and immersion into the story. It can be created in a room, but also in a digital form. Teachers around the world have recognized the possibilities of applying this game in education and its benefits. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of the game itself, as well as those benefits if it is used correctly in teaching, relying on literature. In addition, it will be given examples of using this game in classes that are presented in the relevant literature. Besides requiring cooperation and teamwork since it is played in a group, it also affects the development of skills such as problem solving, logical and critical thinking, creativity, data analysis. Also, due to the story that is an integral part of this game, it develops imagination, but it can also imitate real-life situations and require students to navigate them. What could be an obstacle for teachers to use it in their classes is the time needed to create the game and puzzles, as well as the resources that are most often provided by the teachers themselves. An insight into the relevant literature led to the conclusion that this topic has not been sufficiently researched in our country, despite all the potential that this game offers, and this paper can be a starting point for future research.
subject: Review article
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creator: Ana Đorđević
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 85
ending page: 94
doi: 10.5937/norma30-56407

erception of preschool teachers of educational computer games and the development of socio-emotional competencies in preschool children
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description: Previous research regarding the effects of educational computer games on the socio-emotional development of preschool-aged children has mostly focused on the use of digital tools in older school-age children or adolescents, with fewer studies dedicated to preschool-aged children. The aim of this study is to examine teachers' perceptions of the impact of computer games on emotional regulation, social skills, as well as cooperation and teamwork skills in preschool-aged children. The study involved 188 teachers from Serbia, whose perceptions were analyzed in relation to their age, years of work experience, workplace, and level of education. Based on the results, it can be concluded that due to the inability to implement computer games because of the lack of digital equipment in institutions and the lack of experience, teachers are primarily indecisive, and then disagree when evaluating the positive effects of playing educational computer games on the social and emotional development of preschool-aged children. The cross-analysis of independent variables established that the only statistically significant determinant influencing teachers' views on the topic is their age, with older teachers generally having a more positive perception of the effects of educational games compared to younger teachers in the study sample.
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Anastasija S. Stanojević
creator: Zorica Č Stanisavljević Petrović
creator: Marija R Marković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 23
ending page: 38
doi: 10.5937/norma30-58568

Factors influencing children's readiness for school entry
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description: Starting school represents an important milestone in every child's development, and school readiness is determined by a combination of various factors. It does not only involve acquiring certain knowledge and skills but also implies the child's overall preparedness for the school environment. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the key factors influencing school readiness through a narrative review of empirical and review studies. The theoretical framework of the paper is the Ecological Systems Theory, which enables a comprehensive understanding of the reciprocal influences of various systems on child development. Literature was gathered using the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Both empirical and review studies were included in the analysis. The literature review showed that there are numerous factors that can have either a positive or negative impact on school readiness, relating to the child, the family, and the school system. The analyzed results indicate that school readiness cannot be viewed in isolation but rather as an outcome of multiple interrelated factors—from the child’s cognitive and emotional abilities, through parental involvement and the family’s socio-economic status, to the support offered by the school system through prepared teachers and a stimulating environment. These findings can serve as guidelines for improving policies and practices related to preparing children for school, enabling a smoother transition and better conditions for success in the school setting. This underscores the importance of coordinated action by all stakeholders involved in the process of early education and development.
subject: Review article
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creator: Sandra Glamočak
creator: Jovana Uzelac
creator: Špela Golubović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 55
ending page: 68
doi: 10.5937/norma30-58671

Public awareness of the field of speech-language pathology
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description: Speech-language therapists are specialists who focus on the prevention, detection, assessment, diagnosis, therapy, counseling, and scientific research of communication and swallowing disorders in individuals of all ages. While the speech therapy profession is legally recognized in the Republic of Serbia, its regulatory framework and institutional support are still insufficiently developed, and professionals in the field encounter a range of challenges. The main objective of this research is to examine public awareness of the field of speech therapy. The sample consisted of 207 respondents of various ages. For the purposes of this research, an online questionnaire was created and distributed via informal groups and social media. The majority of respondents indicated that they received most of their information about speech therapy from friends, and they also gathered information from personal experience. In addition, most respondents believed that children with articulation disorders are the most common users of speech therapy services, while a small number of respondents thought that children with fluency disorders require treatment. Most respondents believed that a child should be taken to a speech therapist if they have not spoken by 18 months of age, and it was proven that there is no statistically significant difference between the awareness of employees in institutions with and without a speech therapist, nor between respondents of different educational levels.
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Jelena Kerkez
creator: Vesela Milankov
creator: Jelena Radonjić
creator: Andrea Dumendžić
creator: Erna Ćatović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 39
ending page: 54
doi: 10.5937/norma30-58186

Evaluation of an intercultural exchange program: an example of the experience of elementary school students and their parents
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description: This paper presents an analysis of the influence of an intercultural student exchange program on the participants and their families, regardless of whether they come from small or large communities. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of student intercultural exchanges for identifying individual needs and fostering identity disclosure, developing intercultural empathy, overcoming stereotypes and prejudice, and training students for teamwork with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Enabling youth to share their positive experiences with their surroundings, thereby creating a broader social impact, fostering inclusivity, and contributing to the development of a more diverse and open world, are of particular importance. For the purpose of this research, a sample of 42 project participants (seventh-grade students) and 36 parents was used. The results show that participants and their families understand the importance of intercultural exchanges and that they continue to advocate for their further implementation in formal education, regardless of the participants' background. However, some common opinions about particular aspects of intercultural exchanges can be observed among groups from similar backgrounds.
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Isidora Drljaca
creator: Bojana Perić Prkosovački
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Norma
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 9
ending page: 21
doi: 10.5937/norma30-58508

Historical genesis of the concept of number and number systems - possibilities of application in the initial teaching of mathematics (I)
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description: The notion of natural number, as the basis of the entire further development of mathematics, appears as a result of gradual abstraction. The very notion of number has not been precisely defined and has changed throughout history, as has the way of recording. This paper aims to present the origin of natural numbers and their development to the present form. The essentially most important number systems that have evolved in parallel with the development of human consciousness, and which are guided by the need for man to record important events and facts, are discussed and presented. The importance of positional number systems, such as the Indo-Arabic number system we use today, was emphasized. Numerous studies show that the use of the history of mathematics in the teaching of mathematics can increase students ‘motivation and students’ interest in the subject. Based on a brief overview of existing research on the use of the history of mathematics in mathematics teaching, the paper presents examples of tasks for classroom teaching, which include elements of the history of natural numbers and number systems.
subject: Professional article
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creator: Bojan Lazić
creator: Snežana Gordić
creator: Marina Milošević
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-18
publication date: 2022-07-18
starting page: 85
ending page: 98
doi: 10.5937/norma27-38116

Voices and silences
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description: Гласови и тишине наслов је студије у којој Александра В. Јовановић кроз седам поглавља приказује развој најважнијих идеја енглеске књижевности двадесетог века. Осим описа друштвеног контекста у којем су ове идеје настале, споменути су и најважнији аутори британске књижевности тога времена.
subject: Review
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creator: Natasa Damljanovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-20
publication date: 2022-07-20
starting page: 111
ending page: 113

Digital media and self-learning: the role of the library
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description: The paper is about a role of digital media in developing a new culture of learning and the possibilities of connecting education with libraries as places of universal knowledge that are increasingly accessible through the internet. The first part of the paper deals with the acknowledgement of traditional teaching beginning with guided learning, through major transformations in the education system, to the introduction of a new culture of learning where self-learning is promoted. The teacher appears to be a mentor while students are active participants in accessing information and acquiring new knowledge. They are getting used to lifelong learning by using digital media which have incentive role in encouraging independent learning. It is necessary to incorporate digital media in children`s education from the earliest age, and all the way through education, as well as in professional education of young people and in the education of older people to encourage self learning and life long learning. The second part reveals the role of libraries in information and media literacy of students, which is extremely important for self-learning. In earlier decades, literacy ment learning to read and write and involved comprehension of content while today literacy is using of contemporary media and skills to seek and select information. The role of library in developing a new literacy lies upon its transformation from traditional to information centar which offers e books, all kinds of information and also free points to use internet.
subject: Professional article
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creator: Kristina Ember
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-20
publication date: 2022-07-20
starting page: 99
ending page: 109
doi: 10.5937/norma27-36169

Financial literacy – best practices
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description: The most commonly accepted definition of financial literacy is the one given by the OECD, which includes awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviours. The concept of financial literacy must be distinguished from the concepts of financial education, financial knowledge, and financial culture. The research results show that financial illiteracy is widespread, and it is generally necessary to pay more attention to this aspect of education. After defining the basic concepts, the paper presents experiences in organizing and monitoring the effects of financial education of three countries (Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands) whose students have achieved a high level of financial knowledge in international tests compared to other participating countries. The organisation of financial education in these countries is also presented, in order to assess how applicable their experiences are in our conditions. The experience thus far has shown that the best results are given by financial education beginning in high school, whose main characteristics are an interdisciplinary approach and constant support to teachers. Significant differences are also evident, that is to say, some groups of residents have a lower level of financial literacy, which indicates the need for different approaches in their education.
subject: Review article
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creator: Vana Colić
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-18
publication date: 2022-07-18
starting page: 41
ending page: 52
doi: 10.5937/norma27-38377

The significance of music-pedagogical work of Zorislava M. Vasiljević for Music Education in Lower Elementary School Grades
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description: Zorislava M. Vasiljević (1923-2009) dedicated her professional path to noticing the deficiencies, to pursuing adequate scientific conformations and solutions, as well as to finding the appropriate procedures which can be used in working on the music literacy in Serbia. On that path, her guidance was the thought of her father, Miodrag A. Vasiljević (1903-1963). She improved and complemented his idea with important segments of other methods, thus forming a unique Combined functional method. This paper concerns the life of Zorislava Vasiljević, the Combined functional method with all its characteristics in the field of melody and rhythm, together with the impact that the life’s work of Zorislava Vasiljević has had on the curriculum of Music Education in the first to fourth grades. With a desire to talk about the significance of her music-pedagogical work for Music Education in Lower Elementary School Grades, we had to consider her author’s textbook literature, done with a lot of effort, as an unavoidable segment. Among the textbooks written by Professor Zorislava Vasiljević, the special attention was given to her publication Music Primer.
subject: Review article
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creator: Miona Ilić
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-19
publication date: 2022-07-19
starting page: 69
ending page: 83
doi: 10.5937/norma27-37822

The effects of teacher expectations on student motivation to learn
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description: Starting from the understandings that emphasize the importance of the Pygmalion effect in teaching, the paper presents an overview of research on the relationship between teachers’ expectations and students’ motivation to learn. The aim of this paper is to point out the different effects of expectations that teachers form on students’ motivation to learn. The findings of the presented relevant research indicate that high expectations of teachers can increase student motivation, but also that low expectations of teachers can lead to its reduction. Also, it was determined that teachers smile more often, communicate more, establish eye contact with students from whom they expect more. The labels that teachers assign to students lead to some students getting less motivating learning situations. The implications of this paper are reflected in the elucidation of the significance of this phenomenon and its reflection on educational practice. It has been found that high as well as low expectations of teachers largely reflect on the motivation of students to learn, which is why teachers should use their influence by encouraging and activating students.
subject: Review article
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creator: Tamara Dragojević
creator: Milena Letić Lungulov
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-19
publication date: 2022-07-19
starting page: 29
ending page: 40
doi: 10.5937/norma27-37537

Requirements and tasks of educators in the function of moral development and education of young children in preschool programs/curricula in the Republics of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia
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description: The paper analyzes and compares the content of current preschool programs/curricula in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia through a detailed presentation of the requirements and tasks of preschool teachers in the function of moral development and education of young children. The aim of our research is to determine whether and to what extent the programs/curricula of preschool education in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia differ in terms of specifying the requirements and tasks of the teachers in relation to moral development and education of children. The descriptive and comparative methods and the procedure of analysis of the content of program documents are applied in the paper. The results of our research indicate that in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia in preschool programs / curricula, the requirements and tasks of teachers are presented in the function of moral development and education of children, but in different ways. The analyzed programs/curricula recognize the same tasks related to moral development, and differ from each other when it comes to their concretization, and there are some differences in their formulation. Starting from concrete tasks, teachers, the creators of their own practice, have the opportunity to better understand the needs of children through them, but also to choose from clearly separated tasks what is most needed to encourage and develop children in a certain period of time, within moral development.
subject: Professional article
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creator: Ivana Apostolović
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-19
publication date: 2022-07-19
starting page: 52
ending page: 68
doi: 10.5937/norma27-37129

21st Century Skills In Educational Standards For Lower Secondary Education In Slovakia
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description: The aim of this theoretical study is to identify the 21st century skills in the curricular documents for lower secondary education in Slovakia, and to analyse the overlap between the 21st century skills and aims of national educational standards for lower secondary education (ISCED 2) in Slovakia. The main method of the study is document analysis. The analysis shows that the Slovak educational standards are primarily focused on the development of knowledge and cognitive skills. Significantly less represented is development of interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. The results show that there are overall not sufficiently many references to the 21st century skills within the educational standards. This yields a crucial problem, as majority of Slovak teachers still consider the educational standards to be the basic part of curriculum. In spite of certain natural limitations, the study provides new information on the insufficient representation of the 21st century skills in the educational standards in Slovakia.
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Miroslav Haviar
creator: Daniela Guffová
creator: Andrea Sisáková-Chovanová
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-19
publication date: 2022-07-19
starting page: 9
ending page: 18
doi: 10.5937/norma27-36344

Jewish culture as a vital element of local identity trought history – mini project carried on Faculty of Education in Sombor
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description: In this paper we presented the activities that we conducted within the mini project named Jewish culture as a vital element of local identity trough history, as well as the idea and the goals that stand behind the project. The project was conducted on Faculty of Education in Sombor. The main goal of this project was for students-future teachers, to acquire knowledge about the Jewish culture, religion and history, so they could develop skills for better understanding the specific local identity as part of Vojvodina, which is a unique multi-cultural and multi-confessional region, and also to improve their intercultural competences. The possibilities and methods for teaching and learning about the Holocaust are also examined. The project activities included lectures about the main characteristics of Jewish culture, and about local history and suffering of Jewish families from Sombor during the Holocaust. The plan included a visit to Jewish community in Sombor, and also a trip to Subotica, the city in the same region, in order to visit a restored synagogue.
subject: Review article
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creator: Snežana Štrangarić
creator: Mila Beljanski
creator: Ines Matin
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Norma
date: 2022-07-19
publication date: 2022-07-19
starting page: 19
ending page: 27
doi: 10.5937/norma27-37112

Celebration of Saint Sava's Day in Serbian schools in the Salonica vilayet at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century
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description: Summary: This paper examines the celebrations of Saint Sava's Day in Serbian schools in the Salonica Vilayet at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the impact of these celebrations on preserving tradition, raising national awareness, and maintaining the core spiritual values of the Serbian people in this region. The cultivation of national consciousness and keeping the tradition were the primary tasks of Serbian schools and churches in Old Serbia and Macedonia. In achieving these objectives, the celebration of Saint Sava’s Day in schools played a particularly significant role. Based on archival materials, reports from correspondents of Carigradski glasnik, and relevant literature, we attempt to describe the program and manner of celebrating this highly significant date in Serbian history. The reports indicate that the Saint Sava cult was exceptionally strong among the Serbian population in the Salonica Vilayet, as well as in the entirety of Old Serbia and Macedonia. Serbian consuls and national activists in Macedonia faced great challenges, as they encountered opposition not only from the Ottoman authorities but also from increasingly organized Bulgarian propaganda, operating through the Exarchate, and Greek propaganda, operating through the Patriarchate, both of which sought to suppress Serbian national-political and cultural-educational influence in the region. The pressure from all sides united the Serbs in their efforts to defend and preserve their customs. The celebrations of Saint Sava’s Day in the Salonica Vilayet took the form of quiet yet persistent resistance against all imposed hardships. In this context, the efforts of the Serbian people to honor this holiday with dignity should be understood. Keywords: Salonica, celebration, Saint Sava’s Day, Serbian schools, cake cutting, water blessing.
subject: Review article
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creator: Vukasin Dedović
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 195
ending page: 217
doi: 10.5937/norma29-51921

Learning by using visual arts in the lower primary classes through content integration
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description: Summary: The Subject of this study is teaching visual arts in primary school and how to, by integrating different school topics, promote visual culture, that develops through this school subject. Improving quality and educational outcomes of visual arts teaching and development pupil's capabilities, necessary for future life and learning, are the occupation of this paper. In the empirical part of the research, integrative teaching, its usage frequency and its different levels in domain of teaching visual arts in lower grades of primary school were analyzed. It was determined if there is a correlation between the age of the teacher, lenght of service, attending seminars on innovative teaching approaches, teachers art education and other characteristics, with the application of an integrated approach frequency in art classes. To determine the relationship between the variables, a quantitative method in the form of correlative pedagogical research was chosen. A non-standardized electronic questionnaire-scale was used as a research tool for data collection. The sample was selected on a voluntary basis and consists of 100 teachers, employed in primary schools in the North Banat, South Banat and Central Banat districts of the Republic of Serbia in the school year 2019/20. The research has shown that teachers apply integrated teaching based on visual arts to a satisfactory extent. By measuring the correlations between the variables, it was concluded that they are weak. Keywords: visual arts, integrative teaching, visual culture, classroom teaching, learning for the future
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creator: Sanja Bikić
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 147
ending page: 166
doi: 10.5937/norma29-52181

An overview of previous research on learning and teaching about mixtures and solutions
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description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" N…
subject: Review article
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creator: Emina Popović
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 184
ending page: 194
doi: 10.5937/norma29-55278

The 'secret' to student success – factors influencing achievement in music education and training
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description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" Unhide…
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Тијана Милић
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 167
ending page: 183
doi: 10.5937/norma29-52890

Teachers' attitudes on the contribution of media in teaching Serbian language and literature
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description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" N…
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Marijana Dmitrić
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 128
ending page: 146
doi: 10.5937/norma29-48605

Achievements of elementary school students on a knowledge test about types and properties of materials
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description: Summary: At an early age, children encounter various materials, describe them and classify them in their own and not always scientifically correct ways, which later makes school learning more difficult (or may complicate) them. With the aim of assessing the level of achievement of third and fourth grade students of primary school on the types and properties of materials, an examination of the concepts of hardness, brittleness, roughness, transparency and elasticity of materials was conducted. The research was conducted using a knowledge test on the aforementioned concepts, which was created according to the revised Bloom's Taxonomy. 95 students from the "Ivo Lola Ribar" and "Avram Mrazović" primary schools in Sombor were tested, and the sample of teaching content for testing was selected from the Teaching and Learning Program for students of younger school age (from first to fourth grade). ). The analysis of the obtained data revealed that students do not have satisfactory knowledge about the types and properties of materials, while satisfactory knowledge in the research was defined by a summative score of 4 and 5 on the knowledge test. When solving tasks at different cognitive levels, students achieved the best achievements at the level of knowledge (third grade) and understanding (fourth grade), while from the third cognitive level (application) both grades achieved weaker achievements, without a clearly visible regularity in the decrease or increase in the number of points earned. Contrary to expectations, younger students achieved better results compared to older students, with the observed difference not being statistically significant. Keywords: material properties, student achievement, knowledge test, class teaching, Bloom's taxonomy
subject: Original scientific article
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creator: Sanja Balać
creator: Marija Mileusnić
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 113
ending page: 127
doi: 10.5937/norma29-56236

A methodical approach to learning three-part bagpipes from Vojvodina based on the contribution of Maxim Mudrinić
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description: The paper is about the first step in acquiring the basic concepts of music, melodic and rhythmic structures through singing and playing. The purpose of this work is to show the three-part bagpipes (TPB) of Vojvodina - TPB and the way of their promotion, education and affirmation. It looks at and determines the importance of TPB and gives a methodical approach to learning to play this traditional instrument is offered. Using the method of theoretical analysis and available literature, a description of the TPB instrument was given. Then the role of Maksim Mudrinić in the education and promotion of this instrument in school and non-school institutions was presented and a methodical approach to learning to play was given. Playing on various musical instruments is one of the types of active attitude towards music, and it should be started at an early age. By introducing a new folk instrument in the teaching process, a student will, through making music, develop musical abilities like pitch, rhythm and melody. Getting acquainted with the build and the way of playing this instrument they will be able to recognize more precisely the name and type of instruments through sound patterns that make every musical instrument special.
subject: Review article
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creator: Filip Jović Vujaković
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2024-07-15
publication date: 2024-07-15
starting page: 77
ending page: 87
doi: 10.5937/norma29-48632

Perspectives of gamification in teaching from the aspect of cybernetic-information theory
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description: Gamification has become an increasingly popular approach to improve student engagement and motivation in the classroom. Gamification implies a way of introducing activities that contribute to the development of logic and lead to a greater degree of fun for students during classes. Cybernetic-information theory, which emphasizes feedback, adaptation, and communication in complex systems, provides a framework for understanding the potential benefits and challenges of gamification in education. The aim of the paper is to show that gamification, when designed appropriately, can be a useful tool for increasing student engagement and motivation, and that it is in line with the principles of cybernetic-information theory. The results of the paper indicate that students not only learn in a fun environment, but are able to improve their creativity and problem solving while learning subconsciously. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of gamification in teaching and to identify best practices for designing gamified learning activities.
subject: Review article
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creator: Nemanja Tasić
creator: Miodrag Kovačević
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Norma
date: 2024-07-15
publication date: 2024-07-15
starting page: 89
ending page: 102
doi: 10.5937/norma29-49132