Sažetak
Postizanje preporučenog dnevnog nivoa fizičke aktivnosti (FA) kod dečaka i devojčica adolescenata pomaže u poboljšanju njihovog kardiovaskularnog zdravlja, održavanju zdrave telesne težine i unapređenju mentalnog zdravlja. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je da se utvrdi da li postoje statistički značajne razlike između dečaka i devojčica uzrasta od 12 do 15 godina u odnosu na uzrast i količinu FA različitim danima u nedelji. Uzorak je obuhvatio 606 učenika 7, 8. i 9. razreda iz četiri slovenačke osnovne škole koji su učestvovali u istraživanju popunjavanjem upitnika (IFAQ; International Physical Activity Questionnaire, 2006). Korišćen je kvantitativni pristup istraživanju i metoda je bila uzročno-neeksperimentalna. Šapiro-Vilkov test je korišćen da se utvrdi da li su podaci normalno raspoređeni na statistički značajnom nivou rizika (p > 0,05). Zbog narušene normalnosti distribucije varijabli (p < 0,001), za utvrđivanje statistički značajnih razlika između polova korišćen je neparametarski Man-Vitnijev test, a za utvrđivanje statistički značajnih razlika između starosnih grupa korišćen je Kraskal-Volisov test. Dečaci su bili statistički značajno aktivniji od devojčica svih dana u nedelji osim srede (pon.: p=0,018; utorak: p=0,001; četvrtak: p=0,020; petak: p=0,015, subota: p=0,012; nedelja: p=0,001). Značajne razlike u nivoima FA između učenika sedmog, osmog i devetog razreda javljale su se samo nedeljom (p<0,001), pri čemu su se nivoi FA menjali sa uzrastom učenika. Nalazi studije da su dečaci adolescenti statistički značajno aktivniji od devojčica izazivaju zabrinutost zbog rodnih razlika u učešću u FA tokom ovog kritičnog razvojnog perioda. Takve razlike mogu doprineti dugoročnim zdravstvenim posledicama i produžiti rodne nejednakosti u ukupnoj kondiciji i dobrobiti. Uočene razlike u FA između dečaka i devojčica tokom adolescencije naglašavaju potrebu za ciljanim intervencijama i strategijama za promovisanje i poboljšanje FA među devojčicama. Rešavanje osnovnih faktora koji doprinose nižim nivoima aktivnosti među devojčicama je od suštinskog značaja za promovisanje pravednijeg i inkluzivnijeg pristupa promociji FA.
Ključne reči
Array
Array
Array
Reference
1. Agbaje, A. O. (2023). Associations of accelerometer-based sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with resting cardiac structure and function in adolescents according to sex, fat mass, lean mass, BMI, and hypertensive status. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14365
2. Barth Vedøy, I., Skulberg, K. R., Anderssen, S. A., Tjomsland, H. E., & Thurston, M. (2021). Physical activity and academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents: Findings from a longitudinal study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101312
3. Biadgilign, S., Gebremichael, B., Abera, A., & Moges, T. (2022). Gender Difference and Correlates of Physical Activity Among Urban Children and Adolescents in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.731326
4. Brazo-Sayavera, J., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., González, S. A., & Tremblay, M. S. (2021). Gender differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior: Results from over 200,000 Latin-American children and adolescents. PLoS ONE, 16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255353
5. Cachón-Zagalaz, J., Carrasco-Venturelli, H., Sánchez-Zafra, M., & Zagalaz-Sánchez, M. L. (2023). Motivation toward Physical Activity and Healthy Habits of Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Children, 10(4), 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040659
6. Christofaro, D. G. D., Tebar, W. R., Saraiva, B. T. C., da Silva, G. C. R., dos Santos, A. B., Mielke, G. I., Ritti-Dias, R. M., & Mota, J. (2022). Comparison of bone mineral density according to domains of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03135-2
7. Förster, L. J., Vogel, M., Stein, R., Hilbert, A., Breinker, J. L., Böttcher, M., Kiess, W., & Poulain, T. (2023). Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15032-z
8. Fu, L., Wang, Y., Leung, S. O., & Hu, W. L. (2023). The role of mental engagement between moderate or vigorous physical activity and academic achievement in adolescents. Health Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/00178969221145804
9. Gallardo, L. O., Esteban-Torres, D., Rodríguez-Muñoz, S., Moreno-Doña, A., & Abarca-Sos, A. (2023). Is There Any Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Academic Achievement? A Cross-Cultural Study among Spanish and Chilean Adolescents. Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030238
10. García-Hermoso, A., López-Gil, J. F., Ezzatvar, Y., Ramírez-Vélez, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2022). Twenty-four-hour movement guidelines during middle adolescence and their association with glucose outcomes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. Journal of Sport and Health Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.08.001
11. Geng, Y., Trachuk, S., Ma, X. M., Shi, Y. J., & Zeng, X. (2023). Physiological Features of Musculoskeletal System Formation of Adolescents Under the Influence of Directed Physical Training. Physical Activity and Health, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5334/paah.217
12. Gilbert, L. M., Dring, K. J., Williams, R. A., Boat, R., Sunderland, C., Morris, J. G., Nevill, M. E., & Cooper, S. B. (2023). Effects of a games-based physical education lesson on cognitive function in adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1098861
13. Guimarães, J. P., Fuentes-García, J. P., González-Silva, J., & Martínez-Patiño, M. J. (2023). Physical Activity, Body Image, and Its Relationship with Academic Performance in Adolescents. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040602
14. Hagströmer, M., Oja, P., & Sjöström, M. (2006). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity. Public Health Nutrition, 9(6), 755–762. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2005898
15. Haverkamp, B. F., Oosterlaan, J., Königs, M., & Hartman, E. (2021). Physical fitness, cognitive functioning and academic achievement in healthy adolescents. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102060
16. Hökby, S., Westerlund, J., Alvarsson, J., Carli, V., & Hadlaczky, G. (2023). Longitudinal Effects of Screen Time on Depressive Symptoms among Swedish Adolescents: The Moderating and Mediating Role of Coping Engagement Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043771
17. Lang, J. J., Zhang, K., Agostinis-Sobrinho, C., Andersen, L. B., Basterfield, L., Berglind, D., Blain, D. O., Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Cameron, C., Carson, V., Colley, R. C., Csányi, T., Faigenbaum, A. D., García-Hermoso, A., Gomes, T. N. Q. F., Gribbon, A., Janssen, I., Jurak, G., Kaj, M., … Fraser, B. J. (2023). Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study. Sports Medicine, 53(2), 549–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01752-6
18. Li, M., Yu, C., Zuo, X., Karp, C., Ramaiya, A., Blum, R., & Moreau, C. (2022). COVID-19 Experiences and Health-Related Implications: Results From a Mixed-Method Longitudinal Study of Urban Poor Adolescents in Shanghai. Journal of Adolescent Health, 71(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.03.016
19. Longobucco, Y., Ricci, M., Scrimaglia, S., Camedda, C., Dallolio, L., & Masini, A. (2023). Effects of School Nurse-Led Interventions in Collaboration with Kinesiologists in Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111567
20. Ługowska, K., Kolanowski, W., & Trafialek, J. (2023). Increasing Physical Activity at School Improves Physical Fitness of Early Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032348
21. Mello, G. T. de, Bertuol, C., Minatto, G., Barbosa Filho, V. C., Oldenburg, B., Leech, R. M., & Silva, K. S. (2023). A systematic review of the clustering and correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior among boys and girls. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14869-0
22. Nery, M., Sequeira, I., Neto, C., & Rosado, A. (2023). Movement, Play, and Games—An Essay about Youth Sports and Its Benefits for Human Development. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040493
23. Nobari, H., Gorouhi, A., Mallo, J., Lozano, D., Prieto-González, P., & Mainer-Pardos, E. (2023). Variations in cumulative workload and anaerobic power in adolescent elite male football players: associations with biological maturation. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00623-5
24. Ostermeier, E., Tucker, P., Clark, A., Seabrook, J. A., & Gilliland, J. (2021). Parents’ report of canadian elementary school children’s physical activity and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312352
25. Parpa, K., Michaelides, M., Petrov, D., Kyrillou, C., & Paludo, A. C. (2022). Relationship between Physical Performance, Anthropometric Measurements and Stroke Velocity in Youth Tennis Players. Sports, 11(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11010007
26. Pastor, D., Ballester-Ferrer, J. A., Carbonell-Hernández, L., Baladzhaeva, S., & Cervello, E. (2022). Physical Exercise and Cognitive Function. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159564
27. Przybylski, A. K., Orben, A., & Weinstein, N. (2020). How Much Is Too Much? Examining the Relationship Between Digital Screen Engagement and Psychosocial Functioning in a Confirmatory Cohort Study. In J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 59(9). www.jaacap.org
28. Schirmer, T., Bailey, A., Kerr, N., Walton, A., Ferrington, L., & Cecilio, M. E. (2023). Start small and let it build; a mixed-method evaluation of a school-based physical activity program, Kilometre Club. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14927-7
29. Smout, S., Gardner, L. A., Newton, N., & Champion, K. E. (2023). Dose-response associations between modifiable lifestyle behaviours and anxiety, depression and psychological distress symptoms in early adolescence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 47(1), 100010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2022.100010
30. Soares, A. A. L., Lima, A. B., Miguel, C. G., Galvão, L. G., Leonardi, T. J., Paes, R. R., Gonçalves, C. E., & Carvalho, H. M. (2023). Does early specialization provide an advantage in physical fitness development in youth basketball? Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.1042494
31. Sudikno, S., Mubasyiroh, R., Rachmalina, R., Arfines, P. P., & Puspita, T. (2023). Prevalence and associated factors for prehypertension and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents: a cross-sectional community survey. BMJ Open, 13(3), e065056. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065056
32. Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., López‐Gil, J. F., Sevil‐Serrano, J., García‐Hermoso, A., & Sánchez‐Miguel, P. A. (2023). What is the role of adherence to 24‐hour movement guidelines in relation to physical fitness components among adolescents? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14357
33. Taylor, A., Kong, C., Zhang, Z., Herold, F., Ludyga, S., Healy, S., Gerber, M., Cheval, B., Pontifex, M., Kramer, A. F., Chen, S., Zhang, Y., Müller, N. G., Tremblay, M. S., & Zou, L. (2023). Associations of meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines with cognitive difficulty and social relationships in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00588-w
34. Telford, R. M., Telford, R. D., Cochrane, T., Cunningham, R. B., Olive, L. S., & Davey, R. (2016). The influence of sport club participation on physical activity, fitness and body fat during childhood and adolescence: The LOOK Longitudinal Study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(5), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.04.008
35. True, L., Martin, E. M., Pfeiffer, K. A., Siegel, S. R., Branta, C. F., Haubenstricker, J., & Seefeldt, V. (2021). Tracking of Physical Fitness Components from Childhood to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 25(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2020.1729767
36. Wang, H., Abbey, C., Kennedy, T., Feng, E., Li, R., Liu, F., Zhu, A., Shen, S., Wadhavkar, P., Rozelle, S., & Singh, M. K. (2023). The Association Between Screen Time and Outdoor Time on Adolescent Mental Health and Academic Performance: Evidence from Rural China. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 16, 369–381. https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s384997
37. Wilhite, K., Booker, B., Huang, B. H., Antczak, D., Corbett, L., Parker, P., Noetel, M., Rissel, C., Lonsdale, C., Del Pozo Cruz, B., & Sanders, T. (2023). Combinations of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep Duration and Their Associations With Physical, Psychological, and Educational Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Epidemiology, 192(4), 665–679. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwac212
38. Wirth, K., Keiner, M., Fuhrmann, S., Nimmerichter, A., & Haff, G. G. (2022). Strength Training in Swimming. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095369
39. Yman, J., Helgadóttir, B., Kjellenberg, K., & Nyberg, G. (2023). Associations between organised sports participation, general health, stress, screen-time and sleep duration in adolescents. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 112(3), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16556