Sažetak
Prepoznavanje etičkih izazova u integraciji veštačke inteligencije u obrazovanje pokreće brojna sociološka pitanja. Cilj rada odnosi se na identifikaciju i klasifikaciju rizika primene veštačke inteligencije u obrazovanju, uz kvantitativnu procenu verovatnoće njihove pojave u odnosu na stepen kontrole nastavnika i automatizacije veštačke inteligencije prema modelu koji fokus stavlja na čoveka. Teorijskom analizom identifikovano je 10 rizika grupisanih u četiri kategorije. Deskriptivna statistička analiza, zasnovana na procenama devet stručnjaka, ukazuje da je kombinacija visoke kontrole i visoke automatizacije najefikasnija u ublažavanju rizika, dok je niska kontrola uz visoku automatizaciju najrizičniji scenario. Buduće implikacije naglašavaju obrazovne preventivne mere pouzdane upotrebe.
Ključne reči
Array
Array
Array
Array
Reference
Ahmad, S. F., Han, H., Alam, M. M., Rehmat, M. K., Irshad, M., Arraño-Muñoz, M., Ariza--Montes, A. (2023). Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision mak-ing, laziness and safety in education. Humanities & Social Sciences Communication 10 (311). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01787-8
AI4K12 (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) for K-12 initiative (AI4K12). Available at https://ai4k12.org/ (accessed on 27 January 2025)
Alfredo, R., Echeverria, V., Jin, Y., Yan, L., Swiecki, Z., Gašević, D., Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2024). Human-centred learning analytics and AI in education: A systematic literature review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence (100215). https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100215
Babu, M. V. S., Banana, K. (2024). A study on narrow artificial intelligence – An overview. International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT), 24(4), 210–219. Available at https://www.ijesat.com/archives1.php?yr=2024&mn=4
Berendt, B., Littlejohn, A., Blakemore, M. (2020). AI in education: learner choice and fundamental rights. Learning, Media and Technology, 45 (3), 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1786399
Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Bu, Q. (2022). Ethical Risks in Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Education and Potential Countermeasures. Science Insights, 41(1), 561–566. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re067
Buckingham Shum, S., Ferguson, R., Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2019). Human-Centred Learning Analytics. Journal of Learning Analytics, 6 (2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2019.62.1
Chan, C. K. Y. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20 (38). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00408-3
Chen, F. (2022). Human-AI cooperation in education: human in loop and teaching as leadership. Journal of Educational Technology and Innovation, 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.61414/jeti.v2i1.34
Čović, A. (2024). Transformative Impact of ChatGPT Program on Education: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights in the Conditions of Accelerated Digitalization. In: D. Mandić, U. Šuvaković, D. V. Stanković (eds.). Education through the COVID-19 Pandemic, 659–672. Belgrade: Faculty of education. https://doi.org/10.18485/uf_edu_covid19.2024.2.ch21
Dellermann, D., Calma, A., Lipusch, N., Weber, T., Weigel, S., Ebel, P. (2019). The future of human-ai collaboration: a taxonomy of design knowledge for hybrid intelligence systems. In: T. Buid (ed.). Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). Maui, Hawaii, USA: AIS https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2019.034
Domfeh, E. A., Weyori, B. A., Appiahene, P., Mensah, J., Awarayi, N. S. (2022). Human--Centered Artificial Intelligence, a review. TechRxiv. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrx-iv.19174772.v1
Elahi, A., Cook, T. S. (2023) . Artificial Intelligence Governance and Strategic Planning: How We Do It. Journal of the American College of Radiology: JACR, 20 (9), 825–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2023.06.017
Elliott, K., Price, R., Shaw, P., Spiliotopoulos, T., Ng, M., Coopamootoo, K., Van Moorsel, A. (2021) . Towards an Equitable Digital Society: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR). Society, (58), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-021-00594-8
Holmes, W., Luckin, R., Griffiths, M. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education: Promise and implications for teaching and learning. Boston, USA: CCR. Available at https://curriculumredesign.org/our-work/artificial-intelligence-in-education/
Hwang, G. J., Xie, H., Wah, B. W., Gašević, D. (2020). Vision, challenges, roles and research issues of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, (1, 100001). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100001
Igbokwe, I. C. (2024) . Artificial Intelligence in Educational Leadership: Risks and Responsibilities. European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 1 (6), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(6).01
Jiang, L. (2023). Legal Risks and Responses to Artificial Intelligence Technology from the Perspective of Sociology of Technology. Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 5 (3), 183–186. https://doi.org/10.54097/oosnpmpt
Kayumova, L. R., Zakirova, V. G. (2016). Educational Environment Risks: Problems of Identification and Classification. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11 (6), 1013–1019. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijese.2016.370a
Keshishi, N., Hack, S. (2023). Emotional intelligence in the digital age: Harnessing AI for students’ inner development. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 11
(3). https://doi.org/10.56433/jpaap.v11i3.579
Kissinger, H., Schmidt, E., Huttenlocher, D. (2021). The Age of A.I. And Our Human Future. New York: Little Brown and Company
Kizilcec, R. (2024). To Advance AI Use in Education, Focus on Understanding Educators. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 34 (1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-023-00351-4
Kohnke, S., Zaugg, T. (2025). Artificial Intelligence: An Untapped Opportunity for Equity and Access in STEM Education. Education Sciences, 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010068
Lufeng, H. (2018). Analysis of New Advances in the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Education. In: M. Pavlova, R. He (eds.). 3rd International Conference on Education, E-learning and Management Technology (EEMT 2018), 608–611. Bangkok, Thailand: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/iceemt-18.2018.118
Luknar, I. (2024a). Artificial intelligence as a challenge. Napredak – časopis za političku teoriju i praksu, 5 (2), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.5937/napredak5-52577
Luknar, I. (2024b) . Artificial intelligence, possibility or challenge. Beograd: Medija centar Odbrana [In Serbian]
Lunesu, M. I., Tonelli, R., Marchesi, L., Marchesi, M. (2021). Assessing the Risk of Software Development in Agile Methodologies Using Simulation. IEEE Access, (9) 134240–134258. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3115941
Ma, X., Jiang, C. (2023). On the Ethical Risks of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Education and Its Avoidance Strategies. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (14), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v14i.8868
Mandić, D. (2023). Report on Smart Education in the Republic of Serbia. In: R. Zhuang, L. Dejian, D. Sampson, D. Mandić, S. Zou, Y. Huang, R. Huang (eds.). Smart Education in China and Central & Eastern European Countries. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7319-2_11
Mandić, D. (2024). A New Paradigm of Education and the Potentials of Artificial Intelligence. Napredak – časopis za političku teoriju i praksu, 5 (2), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.5937/napredak5-51939 [In Serbian]
Mandić, D., Miščević, G., Bujišić, Lj. (2024a). Evaluating the quality of responses gener-ated by ChatGPT. Metodička teorija i praksa, 27 (1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.5937/metpra27-51446
Mandić, D., Miščević, G., Babić, J., Matović, S. (2024b). Educational robots in teach-ers’ education. Istraživanja u pedagogiji, 14 (2), 361–376. https://doi.org/10.5937/IstrPed2402361M
Matović, S., Ristić, M. (2024). Educational robots in the function of developing algorithmic thinking of preschool children. Metodička teorija i praksa, 27 (2), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.5937/metpra27-52258 [In Serbian]
Molenaar, I. (2022). Towards hybrid human‐AI learning technologies. European Journal of Education, 57 (4), 632–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12527
Morley, J., Floridi, L., Kinsey, L., Elhalal, A. (2021). From what to how: An initial review of publicly available AI ethics tools, methods and research to translate principles into practices. Ethics and Information Technology, 23 (2), 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09545-5
Nguyen, A. (2025). Human-AI Shared Regulation for Hybrid Intelligence in Learning and Teaching: Conceptual Domain, Ontological Foundations, Propositions, and Implications for Research. In: T. X. Bui (ed.). 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2025., 34–43. Hawaii: University of Hawaii at Manoa. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2025.006
Nguyen, A., Ngo, H. N., Hong, Y. et al. (2023). Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education. Education and Information Technologies 28, 4221–4241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11316-w
Ristić, M. (2017). E-Maturity in Schools. Croatian Journal of Education, 19 (Sp.Ed.3), 317–334. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v19i0.3100 [In Serbian]
Schmager, S., Pappas, I., Vassilakopoulou, P. (2023) . Defining human-centered AI: a comprehensive review of HCAI literature. In: A. Arenas, M. I. Merhi, S. Skandrani, J. Wareham (eds.). 15th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems and the 6th Middle East & North Africa Conference on digital Information Systems. Madrid: IE University. Available at https://easychair.org/publications/preprint/cGmc/open
Selwyn, N., Facer, K. (2014). The sociology of education and digital technology: Past, present and future. Oxford Review of Education, 40 (4), 482–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2014.933005
Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Reliable, safe & trustworthy. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 36 (6), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2002.04087
Shneiderman, B. (2022). Human-centered AI. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press
Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Serbia for the Period 2025–2030: Official Gazette of the RS No. 30/18. (accessed on 27 January 2025), Available at https://www.media.srbija.gov.rs/medsrp/dokumenti/strategy_artificial_intelligence.pdf
Šuvaković, U. (2024). Creator of the present in an attempt to understand the future or what can be counted as, but not reduced to, Kissinger’s legacy. Napredak – časopis za političku teoriju i praksu, 5 (2), 129–150. https://doi.org/10.5937/napredak5-52859
Tuomi, I., Cachia, R., Villar-Onrubia, D. (2023). On the futures of technology in education: emerging trends and policy implications. Joint Research Center, European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/079734
Xu, W., Dainoff, M. J., Ge, L., Gao, Z. (2022). Transitioning to human interaction with AI systems: New challenges and opportunities for HCI professionals to enable human-centered AI. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 39 (3), 494–518. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.05424
Yampolskiy, R. V. (2022). On the Controllability of Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Limitations. Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, 11 (03), 321–404. https://doi.org/10.13052/jcsm2245-1439.1132
Zanetti, M., Rendina, S., Piceci, L., Peluso Cassese, F. (2020). Potential risks of Artificial Intelligence in education. Form@re – Open Journal Per La Formazione in Rete, 20 (1), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.13128/form-8113
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education–where are the educators?. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for the Future of the New Frontier of Power. London: Profile Books Ltd