Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
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description: The journal Special Education and Rehabilitation publishes papers in Serbian and English language from all areas of special education and rehabilitation and tangential scientific disciplines that deal with disabilities and disorders in development. In a special cases, journal publishes papers what are not in direct correlation with special education and rehabilitation, but are from filed of fundamental or applied scientific researches of children with typical development and its results can provide better understanding of developmental delays of children and adults with developmental disabilities. The journal is in the "Open Access" system. Key words: learning difficulties; speech and language disorders; autism; intellectual disability; disturbances and disorders of motor functioning; visual disturbances and disorders; hearing impairments and disorders; disturbances and disorders of sensorimotor functioning; developmental disabilities and disorders; prevention and treatment of behavioral disorders; psychology of disability; disabilities and writing disorders; disabilities and reading disorders; computing disabilities and disorders; chronic diseases in the social context; didactic-methodical specifics and adaptation of working with children, students and adults with developmental difficulties and disabilities; burnout syndrome in special education and rehabilitation; early intervention; family of children and persons with developmental disabilities and disabilities; adaptive physical activities and sports for persons with developmental disorders and disabilities; quality of life; self-care skills.
publisher: University of Belgrade - Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Belgrade
language: en
publication name: Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
issn: 1452-7367
copyright: Self-archiving policy.
items: Career readiness in deaf and hard-of-hearing high school students in special education
items: Verbal fluency performance across different neurological disorders: a preliminary investigation
items: Professionals’ perspectives on early intervention in Croatia: Comparing home - and - center based service quality
items: Challenges in the application of didactic-methodical procedures in inclusive teaching
items: Insights into families of children with selective mutism
items: Delotvorni programi tretmana za adolescente u sukobu sa zakonom i osvrt na Multisistemsku terapiju
items: Razumevanje i produkcija imenica i glagola kod dece govornika srpskog jezika
items: Obrazovni profil zaposlenih u službi za tretman u zatvorima u Srbiji
items: Doprinos različitih komponenata fonološke svesnosti ranom čitanju
items: The sexual self-esteem inventory - short form (SSEI-SF): factor structure of the scale for the Portuguese population
items: Auditory pitch discrimination in a simple melodic structure in children with autism spectrum disorder
items: Samoefikasnost majki dece sa oštećenjem vida predškolskog uzrasta
items: Comparative Analysis of The Impact of Number and Level of Participation in Extracurricular Activities on The Academic Achievement of Students with Special Needs
items: Touch as part of parent-child communication with a child mechanically ventilated at home – introduction to the issue
items: Artificial intelligence in the service of voice and speech forensics
items: Informisanost logopeda sa područja Crne Gore o asistivnoj tehnologiji za decu sa poremećajima verbalne komunikacije
items: Effects of Accuracy Training for Individuals with Various Disabilities in Inclusive Game Baskin
items: Epidemiological review of the association between maternal metabolic syndrome and obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in children
items: A bibliometric analysis of autism research in the field of education in Ibero-America: A WOS perspective
items: Comparison of indirect and descriptive methods of functional behaviour assessment in adults with intellectual disability
items: Predictors of parenting dimensions in families of children with disabilities
items: Reaching deaf and hard-of-hearing people in audiovisual research
items: Masaža beba sa oštećenjem vida kao program rane intervencije usmerene na porodicu
items: Razvojni status dece i poverenje roditelja u vaspitače u inkluzivnom vrtiću
items: Psychometric Validation of the Passive and Active Use Measure (PAUM) for Facebook and Instagram among a Portuguese Sample
items: Prepoznavanje emocionalnog izraza lica kod srednjoškolaca različitih intelektualnih sposobnosti
items: Specifičnosti bimodalno bilingvalne komunikacije
items: Stavovi građana Srbije o medijskoj vidljivosti socijalnih usluga namenjenih osobama sa smetnjama u razvoju
items: Upotreba formalnih i neformalnih procedura procene u specijalnoj edukaciji i rehabilitaciji – percepcija stručnjaka i studenata
items: Razumevanje jezika i verbalno pamćenje kod starijih osoba

Career readiness in deaf and hard-of-hearing high school students in special education
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description: Introduction. A successful career is one of the key factors that ensure meaningful social integration for people with disabilities. Considering that career choices are made by adolescents immediately after graduation from high school, it is vital that special schools’ career guidance programs effectively address typical challenges for each type of disability. Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine career readiness in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) high school students educated in special schools in Russia and reveal gaps and specific challenges that could be addressed through tailored guidance programs. Methods. Two studies on career readiness were conducted, involving a total of 410 participants, including DHH high school students (N = 205) and high school students without hearing impairment (N = 205). Results. Findings indicated statistically reliable differences in career readiness, intensity of career preferences, and range of professional domains of interest between DHH students and their hearing peers. Qualitative results supported earlier observations about the vulnerable position of young DHH people in making career choices. Conclusion. The identified challenges in career readiness among DHH high school students allowed us to justify urgent directions for their career guidance, including self-awareness, awareness of professional domain and labor market, and the ability to align individual health issues with occupational demands.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Svetlana Gorodilova
creator: Oksana Shakirova
creator: Yulia Krasavina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.5937/specedreh25-60101

Verbal fluency performance across different neurological disorders: a preliminary investigation
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description: Introduction. Language disorders can arise as a consequence of various neurological conditions, affecting communication and cognitive functioning. Aim. The aim of this study was to compare verbal fluency in individuals with different neurological disorders. Method. The sample consisted of 45 participants divided into three clinical groups according to the etiology: 15 post-stroke patients, 15 individuals with traumatic brain injury, and 15 patients with multiple sclerosis. The control group comprised 16 neurologically healthy participants. Phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks were administered. Results. Results indicated statistically significant differences in both phonemic and semantic fluency between each clinical group and the control group. Stroke patients demonstrated significantly lower performance on both phonemic and semantic fluency tasks compared to those with traumatic brain injury and multiple sclerosis. Conclusion. All three clinical groups with neurological disorders showed reduced verbal fluency abilities compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that verbal fluency is frequently impaired across neurological disorders of different etiologies, regardless of clinical presentation.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Verica Paunović
creator: Mile Vuković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 67
ending page: 76
doi: 10.5937/specedreh25-63216

Professionals’ perspectives on early intervention in Croatia: Comparing home - and - center based service quality
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description: Introduction. Early intervention (EI) services play a crucial role in supporting children at risk of developmental difficulties and their families. In Croatia, EI can be delivered either at home or in specialized centers, yet little is known about how professionals perceive the quality of these service models. Objectives. This study examined professionals’ perceptions of EI service quality, comparing home- and center-based provision, and explored whether perceptions varied according to professional experience, education, and frequency of service delivery. Methods. Sixty-seven professionals from across Croatia (91% female; median age = 32 years) participated. Median professional experience was 13 years, with 6 years in early intervention. Perceptions were assessed using an adapted Croatian version of the Inventory of Quality in Early Intervention Centres. Paired-samples t-tests compared home- and center-based ratings; regression analyses explored predictors of differences. Results: Overall quality ratings were significantly higher for home-based services (M = 3.9, SD = 0.54) than for center-based services (M = 3.6, SD = 0.30; p = .006, Cohen’s dz = 0.36). The largest differences favored home provision in child and family engagement, collaboration with families, and parental competences (all p < .001). Professional experience and postgraduate specialization were not significant predictors, whereas frequency of home-based provision was (B = 0.154, p= .037). Conclusion. Professionals perceived home-based early intervention as higher in quality, particularly in fostering collaboration and family engagement. Greater exposure to home-based practice enhanced recognition of its benefits, underscoring the need to expand family-centered, home-based early intervention services within Croatia’s social welfare system.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Ivana Škarica Burić
creator: Ana Katušić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 49
ending page: 66
doi: 10.5937/specedreh25-62343

Challenges in the application of didactic-methodical procedures in inclusive teaching
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description: Introductions. Numerous factors are associated with the successful implementation of educational inclusion, and educators need to provide adequate support to students with disabilities while dealing with many challenges along the way. Aim. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between work experience, attitude towards inclusion, perceived institutional support, self-assessed professional competences, job stress, and job satisfaction with the implementation of adequate didactic-methodical procedures in the inclusive work environment. Methodology. The study included 309 primary school teachers from various parts of Croatia who had experience educating students with disabilities, with 181 of them teaching students with disabilities at the time. For the purpose of the research, a questionnaire was designed and used to gather participants’ basic socio-demographic data, their assessment of inclusive educational practices (adjustment of didactic-methodical procedures in the classroom), institutional support, perceived competence for working with students with disabilities, attitudes towards inclusion, their job stress, and job satisfaction. Results. The statistical analysis of the gathered data revealed that the selected variables accounted for 25.4% of the variance in the application of adequate didactic-methodical procedures in inclusive classrooms. Self-assessed professional competence and job satisfaction were identified as significant positive predictors. Although perceived institutional support and attitudes towards inclusion were significantly positively correlated with the use of adequate didactic-methodical procedures, they were not significant predictors in the regression model. Conclusion. Findings of this research make a significant contribution to understanding factors influencing working in an inclusive environment in Croatian schools beyond teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion, which are most frequently researched.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Katarina Šarčević Ivić-Hofman
creator: Zrinka Fišer
creator: Ivana Hanzec Marković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 31
ending page: 47
doi: 10.5937/specedreh25-62486

Insights into families of children with selective mutism
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description: Introduction. Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder marked by persistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite normal speech in others. Research suggests a multifactorial aetiology involving temperament, genetic, neurodevelopmental, and environmental influences, with families playing a significant role. Aim. This study examined parental personality traits and family environmental factors in 30 mothers of children with SM. Method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and the IPIP-NEO-120 inventory. Results. Parents most often described themselves in childhood as quiet, shy, or withdrawn, traits commonly observed in their children. On the personality scale, they scored highest on agreeableness and conscientiousness and lowest on neuroticism. Families were described as sociable but primarily within close family circles. Nearly three-quarters of children had experienced at least one environmental risk factor, most often relocation. Conclusion. Findings highlight the importance of familial characteristics in understanding SM and suggest implications for targeted support and intervention.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Ivona Romić
creator: Sanja Šimleša
creator: Marina Olujić Tomazin
creator: Jasmina Ivšac Pavliša
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 15
ending page: 29
doi: 10.5937/specedreh25-61534

Delotvorni programi tretmana za adolescente u sukobu sa zakonom i osvrt na Multisistemsku terapiju
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description: Introduction. The ineffectiveness of some of the widespread interventions for juvenile offenders, alongside the deleterious consequences of youth violence, underscores the need for professionals to rely on scientifically proven interventions in working with these youth. Aims. The present review highlights the importance of evidence-based practice in treating juvenile offenders. We also explored the current situation in Serbia, offering a critical perspective on existing treatment practices, but also recommendations for decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners. Methods. The results of systematic literature reviews and other studies in this field were analyzed and narratively systematized. Results. Research consistently points to multimodal approaches and family therapy as the most effective options, while commonly advocated for methods such as diversion, educational programs, restorative justice, scare tactics, and intensive probation often fail to achieve behavioral change. Multisystemic therapy stands out as one of the most effective and well-documented models. Conclusion. Strengthening the link between science and practice, through adherence to evidence-based principles and the establishment of a transparent system for monitoring treatment process and effects, is emphasized as essential.
subject: Review Paper
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creator: Sofija Dovijanić
creator: Marija Maljković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 437
ending page: 452
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-58774

Razumevanje i produkcija imenica i glagola kod dece govornika srpskog jezika
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description: Introduction. Comprehension and production of nouns and verbs play a key role in children’s further language acquisition, as they are among the first words in their vocabulary and serve as indicators of their development. Although they are among the frequently examined categories in languages around the world, they continue to attract attention today due to their importance in identifying phenomena and shapes in a child’s experience and development. Aim. The paper presents the results of a study on the comprehension and production of nouns and verbs in Serbian-speaking preschool children. Method. The effects of word class, gender, socioeconomic factors, and lexical category on the understanding and production of one word were tested in 523 preschool-age participants using toys and picture books. Results. The results are consistent with previously established patterns and tendencies: girls had better results than boys; higher education of parents, a greater economic development of the region, and smaller differences between the local dialect and the standard language all had a positive influence on language acquisition; and competence was better for nouns than for verbs. Conclusion. Further research should focus on analyzing less frequent nouns and verbs in order to avoid the ceiling effect, as well as on a more consistent balancing of stimulus features, particularly concreteness and abstractness (by choosing abstract nouns).
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Neda Milošević
creator: Bojan Arsenijević
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 387
ending page: 400
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-57167

Obrazovni profil zaposlenih u službi za tretman u zatvorima u Srbiji
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description: Introduction. The treatment of convicted persons serving a prison sentence includes a series of activities that are carried out with the aim of their resocialization and reintegration into the social community. In addition to the many prerequisites that must be met regarding the conditions of prison life, for the treatment to be effective, it must be implemented by officers who possess adequate knowledge and skills for working with convicted persons. Objective. The objective of the research was to determine the characteristics of treatment officers related to their formal education, and to indicate the necessity of adequately selecting professional personnel who will work in penal institutions. Methods. The sample consisted of 43 treatment officers from penitentiaries in Sremska Mitrovica (39.5%), Požarevac (34.9%), and Niš (25.6%). There were 27 women (62.8%) and 16 men (37.2%) in the sample. Results. Research findings indicate that employees significantly more often had formal education to perform the duties of treatment officers (83.7%), and that within the employee structure, special educators (37.2%) were dominant. Significant differences in formal education were not detected in relation to whether the treatment officers were engaged in the department for personality testing or the department for the implementation of treatment, or according to the prison where they worked. Worthy of attention is the finding that only psychologists were present in all three prisons. Conclusion. Although the structure of employees in relation to formal education is favorable, it is important to invest additional efforts in order to have a diverse structure of treatment officers in Serbian prisons. In this way, each of them, from the domain of their expertise, and in accordance with the needs of convicted persons, could contribute to the fulfillment of the purpose of serving the prison sentence.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Vera Petrović
creator: Antonija Raspopović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 421
ending page: 436
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-59024

Doprinos različitih komponenata fonološke svesnosti ranom čitanju
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description: Introduction. Phonological awareness has proved to be one of the fundamental skills underlying the development and acquisition of reading ability in various languages, including those with transparent orthography such as Serbian. In this context, it is assumed that insufficiently developed phonological awareness limits the development of reading skills. Objective. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between different components of phonological awareness and early reading in typically developing children. Method. The sample included 91 children who were tested twice: first during the preschool period, when various components of phonological awareness were assessed (12 tasks), and second at the end of the first grade, when reading (speed, accuracy, and comprehension) was assessed. Results. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed the existence of three significant functions that connect phonological awareness in the preschool period with reading skills in the first grade: the first function links developed basic phonological skills (synthesis and segmentation of syllables and phonemes, sensitivity to rhyme) with accurate reading; the second function shows a relationship between more complex phonological skills such as phoneme manipulation, word segmentation, and rhyme production with better reading comprehension and faster reading; while the third function indicates a connection between phoneme manipulation skills and both reading speed and accuracy. Conclusion. The findings of this study point to the need to create and apply programs that support the development of specific components of phonological awareness before formal reading instruction, in order to improve the acquisition of various aspects of reading and to prevent reading difficulties.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Gordana Čolić
creator: Maja Savić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 401
ending page: 419
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-58695

The sexual self-esteem inventory - short form (SSEI-SF): factor structure of the scale for the Portuguese population
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description: Introduction. Sexuality plays a pivotal role in human life, shaping individuals’ perceptions and practices, known as sexual self-esteem, which significantly influences attitudes and behaviours. Aim. This study aimed to examine the factor structure and reliability of the Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory (SSEI) in its abbreviated form for the Portuguese population, considering five distinct aspects: Skill/Experience, Attractiveness, Control, Moral Judgment, and Adaptiveness. Method. A cross-sectional, quantitative, comparative, and correlational study with a quasi-experimental design was conducted. A total of 901 individuals aged 18 to 39 years (M = 25.52, SD = 6.27), predominantly female (67.8%), participated in the study. The factor structure was analysed via exploratory factor analysis, and instrument reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results. The exploratory factor analysis yielded 24 items organized into four factors - Emotional Readiness, Competence and Experience, Attractiveness, and Adaptiveness - explaining 51.99% of the total variance. All factors exhibited good internal consistency. Conclusion. Thus, the inventory demonstrated adequate factor structure and reliability and is deemed suitable for assessing self-perceptions regarding sexuality across four dimensions in a Portuguese sample.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Liliana Mendes
creator: Levi Leonido
creator: Inês Carvalho
creator: Ana Barbosa
creator: Ana Filipa Martins
creator: Maria de Fátima Ribeiro
creator: Elsa Morgado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 337
ending page: 352
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-53627

Auditory pitch discrimination in a simple melodic structure in children with autism spectrum disorder
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description: Introduction. It is suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit specific auditory characteristics, such as superior pitch discrimination and increased responsiveness to musical melodies. Objectives. The aim of this research was to determine differences in auditory discrimination of high - and low-pitch melodies in children with ASD. Methods. Auditory pitch discrimination in a simple melodic structure was examined in a sample of thirty children with ASD, aged 7 to 18 years. This ability was tested using an instrument developed for the purposes of this study, which serves as a basis for examining auditory pitch discrimination in melodies in children with ASD. Results. The results of the research indicate that there are differences in the ability to discriminate pitch in a simple melodic structure, with better discrimination of melodies in higher pitch ranges compared to low-pitched melodies (Z = –2.44, p = .015). Autism severity was associated with auditory discrimination of the high-pitch melody, with response quality declining as severity increased (U = 40.50, Z = -2.36, p = .018). Results suggest that children with ASD who demonstrate musical talent exhibit better auditory discrimination (high-pitch: p = .037; low-pitch: p = .035). Age was not associated with the quality of melody pitch discrimination in this sample. Conclusion. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening theoretical knowledge and designing practical approaches that foster the special abilities and overall development of children with ASD.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Dajana Rojek Zakić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 353
ending page: 370
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-58664

Samoefikasnost majki dece sa oštećenjem vida predškolskog uzrasta
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description: Introduction. Maternal self-efficacy refers to a mother's belief in her ability to effectively meet the demands of the parental role and positively influence her child's development. Objective. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy among mothers of children with visual impairments and various sociodemographic characteristics (age, level of education, marital status, and employment status). Method. The sample consisted of 42 mothers of preschool-aged children with visual impairments and multiple disabilities who were enrolled in early intervention programs. Data were collected using the Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (EIPSES). Results. Employment emerged as a significant factor in the self-efficacy of mothers of children with visual impairments and multiple disabilities. Employed mothers demonstrated a higher level of confidence in their ability to meet the demands of the parental role (p = .001), and simultaneously had higher expectations from support professionals (p = .006). No statistically significant relationship was found between perceived maternal self-efficacy and age, marital status, or level of education. Conclusion. Future research on the self-efficacy of parents of children with visual impairments and multiple disabilities should include analyses of specific areas of parental involvement, such as readiness to learn Braille, understanding needs related to visual functioning and environmental adaptation, as well as certain personality traits and intergenerational characteristics of parenting.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Snežana Nikolić
creator: Vesna Vučinić
creator: Marija Anđelković
creator: Aleksandra Grbović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 371
ending page: 386
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-59410

Comparative Analysis of The Impact of Number and Level of Participation in Extracurricular Activities on The Academic Achievement of Students with Special Needs
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description: Introduction. This research aims to examine the effect of participation and involvement of students with special needs in extracurricular activities on their academic performance in high schools in Makassar. Objectives. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the positive and significant impacts of the number of extracurricular activities and the level of participation in these activities on the academic performance of students with special needs. Methods. This study employs simple and multiple linear regression methods on a sample of 72 students with special needs who are active in extracurricular activities. Results. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of both the number of extracurricular activities participated in and the level of participation in these activities on students’ academic performance. Conclusion. This research concludes that participation and involvement levels in extracurricular activities are important factors that can enhance the academic performance of students with special needs. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools increase opportunities for participation and facilitate higher levels of involvement in extracurricular activities for students with special needs to maximize their potential for skill development and academic achievement.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Bastiana Bastiana
creator: Kasmawati St
creator: Tatiana Meidina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 323
ending page: 335
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-51941

Touch as part of parent-child communication with a child mechanically ventilated at home – introduction to the issue
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description: A mechanically ventilated child, due to frequent hospitalizations and associated participation in sometimes painful medical procedures, may associate touch negatively. The article’s purpose is to show the place of touch in communication between a parent and a child who is mechanically ventilated at home. It indicates the importance of touch and its role when a child requires medical equipment for everyday functioning and does not use verbal language to communicate with others. Such an experience – a negative touch associated with an adult - can also be transferred to relationships with other people and be used in communication. It can contain elements of aggression and resistance based on the child’s fear of contact. The child’s stay at home will be associated with learning to communicate based on positive touch. It is possible that signals can be introduced to anticipate the activity in which the child will participate. This process will build a sense of security in them, reduce their fear of contact with an adult, and give them a sense of agency.
subject: Professional Paper
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creator: Agnieszka Kamyk-Wawryszuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 311
ending page: 322
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-51583

Artificial intelligence in the service of voice and speech forensics
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description: Introduction. Artificial intelligence represents the pinnacle of modern technological development. Designed to assist humans in performing tasks that are burdensome or even exceed human capabilities, this computer-based system finds application in various areas of professional and everyday functioning. One of the fields where the resources provided by artificial intelligence can be of particular value is forensic science. Objective. The aim of this paper is to present, through a review of the available literature, the potential applications of artificial intelligence in the context of voice and speech forensics, its limitations, and the potential risks associated with its use in judicial proceedings. Methods. The literature used in this study was obtained by searching accessible databases via remote access, followed by a synthesis of relevant findings. Results. Artificial intelligence is a highly sophisticated technological advancement with the potential to transform various forensic disciplines in the future. Due to the fact that language is one of the most complex social phenomena, as well as the consequences that could arise from analyses whose inner workings are not transparent to expert witnesses, this technology has not yet been included among the officially recognized and accepted methods of voice forensic analysis. Conclusion. Artificial intelligence can contribute to forensic voice and speech examinations. However, given that the lack of transparency of such systems raises fundamental ethical concerns, its application remains, for the time being, limited to operations conducted during the preparatory phase of forensic analysis. Increasing the transparency of AI-based systems, along with ongoing efforts to improve their robustness and accuracy, will help resolve ethical dilemmas and support the acceptance of this technology as legitimate within judicial proceedings.
subject: Review Paper
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creator: Mia Šešum
creator: Marina Šestić
creator: Maja Ivanović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 295
ending page: 310
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-58224

Informisanost logopeda sa područja Crne Gore o asistivnoj tehnologiji za decu sa poremećajima verbalne komunikacije
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description: Introduction. Assistive technology includes tools and devices that can be used in their original, modified, or adapted form. The use of assistive technology in children with verbal communication disorders enables effective establishment of social interaction, expression of needs and desires, as well as increasing independence, self-esteem, and productivity. Aim. The aim of this research was to assess the level of awareness of speech and language therapists employed in the territory of the Republic of Montenegro about assistive technology for children with verbal communication disorders. Also, the study aimed to determine which sociodemographic variables influence the respondents' estimated level of information. Methods. Forty-eight speech therapists employed in the Republic of Montenegro participated in the research. The research used an online questionnaire that was specifically designed for the purpose of this research. Results. The results showed that the respondents believed that they were informed about assistive technology for children with verbal communication disorders (M = 4.03, SD = 0.46). The analysis of the results showed that the respondents' gender and the length of service were not statistically significantly related to the estimated level of awareness. The obtained data indicate that 27.10% of respondents do not use any device in the treatment of children with verbal communication disorders. The Cboard application is most often used in speech and language treatment. The results showed that speech and language therapists lack knowledge about high-assistive technology, as well as training in its use. Conclusion. The training of speech and language therapists should focus on the application of assistive technology in the treatment of children with verbal communication disorders, developing a team approach and international cooperation, as well as providing information on institutions that offer technological assistance to users.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Ivana Arsenić
creator: Zorica Veljković
creator: Anđela Vukićević
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 239
ending page: 250
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-56772

Effects of Accuracy Training for Individuals with Various Disabilities in Inclusive Game Baskin
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description: Introduction. Numerous studies have indicated the positive effects of adapted sports programs on enhancing the sports skills of individuals with multiple forms of disabilities. Aim. The aim of this research was to examine the extent of changes over four time series in the aspect of accuracy in the inclusive sport of Baskin for individuals with physical and intellectual disabilities. Methods. Nine participants, four with motor disabilities and five with intellectual disabilities, with an average age of (28.92 ± 11.02), took part in this study. An accuracy assessment test was conducted from three positions from which players in the role of 2 can shoot in situational Baskin play. Results. No significant effect of the interaction between time and type of disability was found (Wilks' lambda =.92), p=.93, F (3.5) = .14, partial eta squared = 0.08). The separate effect of the two types of disabilities was not significant (F (1. 7) = 1.304, p=.29, partial eta squared =.157), from which it can be concluded that there was no significant improvement either in the group of participants with intellectual disabilities or in the group of participants with motor disabilities. Conclusions. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the four measurements, nor were there statistically significant improvements between the groups of participants.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Živan Milošević
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 227
ending page: 237
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-53103

Epidemiological review of the association between maternal metabolic syndrome and obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in children
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description: Introduction. Maternal metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly recognized as a significant factor that can affect the health and development of children. Aim. This study investigates how MetS during pregnancy can increase the risk of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Method. By reviewing various studies and recent data, we found that high blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation during pregnancy can lead to the stated issues. Results. This review paper indicates that addressing metabolic health in pregnant women early on can greatly reduce these risks and improve long-term health outcomes for their children. Conclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive prenatal care that focuses on metabolic health to help prevent childhood obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders.
subject: Review Paper
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creator: Vladica Žikić
creator: Vesna Vučić
creator: Aleksandra Veselinović
creator: Miško Subotić
creator: Marija Radovanović
creator: Danijela Ristić-Medić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 277
ending page: 293
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-56644

A bibliometric analysis of autism research in the field of education in Ibero-America: A WOS perspective
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description: Introduction. Education is a key tool for promoting the personal and socioemotional development of individuals with autism. However, to date, no bibliometric analysis has been conducted on this topic in the Ibero-American context. Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze the annual production of original articles, productive journals, funding agencies, authors, research trends, and the most influential articles in the field of education and autism. Method. The WoS database (Education & Educational Research, Psychology Educational, Education Special, Education Scientific Disciplines) was used, and a total of 352 documents were analyzed. Results. The results showed a growing trend in annual publications. Elsevier, Spain, the funding agency Spanish Government, author Lorenzo G, the journal Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Spanish and Brazilian universities were the most productive contributors. The main research trends focused on educational intervention, special and/or inclusive education, intellectual disability, and technology. Conclusion. This work reflects a significant increase in scientific production in Ibero-America in the field of education and autism, which is evident in research topics related to various socialization areas such as school, technology, and family. However, further research and evidence collection in this direction are still needed, particularly in Latin American countries that are in the process of development.
subject: Review Paper
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creator: Teresa Núñez Núñez
creator: María Isabel Calvo Alvarez
creator: Virginia González Santamaría
creator: Bárbara Rondón Mejías
creator: Osvaldo Hernandez Gonzalez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 251
ending page: 275
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-55474

Comparison of indirect and descriptive methods of functional behaviour assessment in adults with intellectual disability
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description: Introduction. Adults with intellectual disability exhibit challenging behavior more frequently than the population with typical development. Functional behavior assessment is an effective and scientifically-based way of reducing individual challenging behavior. Two types of methods are used in the functional behavior assessment process: indirect and descriptive. Aim. The purpose of this research was to examine the consistency between the results obtained using both methods. Methods. A multiple case study included three adults with moderate intellectual disability. Two people were 18 years old and one person was 19 years old. All three people showed different forms of challenging behavior. Data was collected using indirect and descriptive methods. We compared the findings of the function of the challenging behavior using both methods. Although three participants were included in the study, we collected data related to the function of behavior for four different forms of challenging behavior. Results. In the case of the first participant, the same function of problematic behavior, ʼdisobeying the rulesʼ, was determined by using both methods of functional behavior assessment, which was ʼgetting attentionʼ. In the case of the second participant, only one form of problematic behavior, ʼtalking to oneselfʼ, obtained the same function of problematic behavior, which was ʼgetting attentionʼ, while another form of problematic behavior, ʼrepeating the same phrasesʼ, obtained a different function. In the case of the third participant, different results were obtained for problematic behavior ʼnon-cooperationʼ. Conclusion. The research showed that data related to the function of challenging behavior were consistent only in two cases (50%). Considering the obtained results, the results about the function of problematic behavior obtained using only one method of functional assessment of behavior should be interpreted with caution.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Maja Simnjanovski
creator: Erna Žgur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 209
ending page: 225
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-56692

Predictors of parenting dimensions in families of children with disabilities
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description: Introduction. Raising a child with disability presents distinctive challenges, with parental behaviors influenced by various factors. Understanding these factors is crucial, as parental behaviors significantly influence a child’s development and adjustment. Aim. This study aims to investigate the predictors of parental behavior among parents of children with disabilities and parents of typically developing children, focusing on sociodemographic variables of both parents and children, and specific characteristics related to children with disabilities. Methods. The study involved 315 parents of children with disabilities and 552 parents of typically developing children in Croatia, with data collected via online questionnaires on sociodemographic variables, parenting behavior, child disability type, independence, and challenging behaviors. Mann-Whitney U tests and hierarchical regression analyses were used. Results. Results indicate no significant differences in parental support, restrictive control, or permissiveness between the groups. However, parents of children with disabilities adjust parenting to their child’s disability, challenging behaviors, and self-care needs. Conclusion. Parents of children with disabilities adapt their parenting based on the nature of their child’s disability, as well as the level of support a child needs. Recognizing these dynamics can guide the development of support strategies for families, highlighting the importance of personalized interventions to address specific challenges faced by parents raising children with disabilities.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Marijana Vrankić Pavon
creator: Anamarija Žic Ralić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 143
ending page: 164
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-55990

Reaching deaf and hard-of-hearing people in audiovisual research
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description: Introduction. In many scientific domains, researchers encounter difficulties in recruiting subjects, respondents, or participants for interviews, surveys, or experiments, particularly when targeting hard-to-reach populations. Selecting appropriate recruitment methods is crucial for ensuring a representative sample, which enhances the validity and reliability of the research findings. Researchers have to consider ways of finding and inviting participants, communicating with them, motivating them to contribute to research, ensuring their anonymity (if necessary) and data security, navigating ethical concerns, considering compensation for participation, and much more. In the audiovisual domain, recruiting deaf and hard-of-hearing participants poses additional challenges due to communication barriers. Difficulties in recruiting such participants could potentially result in the underrepresentation of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals in research. Objectives. This paper, through a systematic review of existing studies, aims to investigate diverse methods and challenges associated with recruiting deaf and hard of-hearing participants in audiovisual research. Methods. A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA framework to gather information from reliable open access sources (n = 49) over the ten-year period from 2013 to 2023. Results. The analysis offers insights into the authorship, geographical distribution, participant demographics, and methods used to recruit deaf and hard-of-hearing participants. Conclusion. The two most effective recruitment methods for deaf and hard-of-hearing participants include collaboration with the deaf and hard-of-hearing associations and inviting participants through social media. Implementing a well-planned strategy is essential to ensure successful recruitment of participants.
subject: Review Paper
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creator: Jurgita Motiejūnienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 181
ending page: 194
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-52733

Masaža beba sa oštećenjem vida kao program rane intervencije usmerene na porodicu
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description: The data indicate a constant increase in the number of children born and living with some form of visual impairment, which demands continuous professional work on designing special treatments, procedures, and practices that improve the quality of their lives and functioning. Families that have a child with developmental difficulties or a chronic illness face an extraordinary amount of anxiety, stress, and challenges throughout their lives. The realization that the child will need additional support, and that they may be forever different from other children of the same age, puts the family in front of a series of unexpected, difficult tasks. Visual impairment is such a situation. This paper will present theoretical considerations on infant massage as a support program that may be of particular importance in the population of visually impaired babies and discuss whether this programme could be recognized as a family-oriented early intervention. The review of available literature was conducted by searching electronic databases available through the KOBSON service, as well as Google Scholar and ResearchGate services. The literature review revealed that the development of the early intervention system in Serbia could focus on identifying local strengths and opportunities in creating services for children in our country. The issue of investing in new, non-institutional programs intended for families with babies and small children is being raised.
subject: Professional Paper
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creator: Nevena Strižak
creator: Ksenija Stanimirov
creator: Marija Anđelković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 195
ending page: 208
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-58371

Razvojni status dece i poverenje roditelja u vaspitače u inkluzivnom vrtiću
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description: Introduction. Trust forms the foundation of a good partnership between parents and educators and is associated with a range of positive outcomes, not only for the child but also for the parents and professionals. Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the level of parental trust in educators in an inclusive preschool environment, as well as the differences in the level of trust based on the child’s developmental status. Method. The sample included a total of 433 parents of children attending inclusive preschool institutions. Parents of children with various developmental disabilities made up 37.2% of the total sample. Parental trust in educators was assessed using the Trust Scale. Results. The results indicate that parents of children with various developmental disabilities have a lower level of trust in educators compared to parents of children without difficulties, though this difference is not statistically significant. A significantly lower level of trust was recorded among parents of children with multiple developmental disabilities (p ≤ .001). A more detailed analysis revealed that the level of trust among parents of children with sensory impairments and emotional and behavioral problems was comparable to the trust levels of parents of children without disability, while other groups of parents of children with developmental disabilities showed a high percentage of low trust in the areas of communication with educators and support for their child’s development. Conclusion. These preliminary results suggest that educators should be adequately trained and sensitized to recognize and respond to the various needs of children with disabilities and their parents, as well as to foster open and constructive communication with parents.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Nataša Buha
creator: Marija Jelić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 165
ending page: 180
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-54674

Psychometric Validation of the Passive and Active Use Measure (PAUM) for Facebook and Instagram among a Portuguese Sample
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description: Introduction. The advent of social media has fundamentally transformed how people interact, bridging the divide between passive digital consumption and active engagement. Objective. This study aims to validate the Passive and Active Use Measure (PAUM) for Facebook and Instagram in a Portuguese sample, exploring distinct interaction modes encompassing Active Social, Active Non-social, Active, and Passive. Methods. Two descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative studies were conducted, involving a total of 606 participants (N=198 for study 1, N=408 for study 2), spanning ages 17 to 67. Results. The factor structure of both scales was analyzed, as well as their convergent and discriminant validity and reliability. Both scales–PAUM-Facebook (study 1) and PAUM-Instagram (study 2)–demonstrated robust factorial structures, underscored by sound validity and reliability indicators. Comprising ten and seven items, respectively, these scales are organized into two dimensions: Active and Passive. Conclusion. This study establishes that the PAUM instruments possess strong psychometric properties, rendering them valuable tools for evaluating Facebook and Instagram usage patterns in Portuguese populations, with broader applicability in future research within the field of psychology.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Liliana Mendes
creator: Levi Leonido
creator: Natercia Pereira
creator: Elsa Morgado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-03-04
publication date: 2025-03-04
starting page: 21
ending page: 59
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-48147

Prepoznavanje emocionalnog izraza lica kod srednjoškolaca različitih intelektualnih sposobnosti
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description: Introduction. Despite a growing interest in social cognition, the evidence on emotion recognition ability is still inconsistent, partly due to the complexity of related constructs as well as methodological inconsistencies. Objectives. To test the discriminability of a robust technique of facial emotion recognition (ER), including only one task per emotion in a group of adolescents of diverse general ability, analyze the relationship between ER and basic intelligence indicators, and explore assumed gender differences in ER. Method. A group of 199 secondary school students, 95 enrolled at a regular schooling system (typically developing group, TD) and 104 at a special school for the education of students with intellectual disability (44 of borderline intellectual abilities and 60 with mild intellectual disability; respectively BIA and MID group) was given a task to (forcedly) recognize displays of eight different emotions (six basic and two control) on photographs of the same male showing emphasized facial expression. Results. The reliability of the technique is α = .68. The TD group achieved better scores on the ER task (M = 5.35, SD = 1.98) compared to students from the special school (M = 3.67, SD = 1.81), t(197) = 6.24, p < .001, d = 0.89, and when all three groups were separately compared (F(2, 196) = 23.06, p < .001, η2 = .19). A significant correlation of the ER task score with IQm (r = .32, p = .01) and IQt (r = .39, p = .002) was found only in the BIA group. The ER task did not detect differences in ER related to gender, except in recognizing sadness in the TD and BIA groups. Conclusion. The applied procedure is discriminative in testing the ability to recognize basic facial emotions. The obtained differences are related to IQ at the level of groups formed according to the general ability to a small extent.
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Miroslava Medić-Ivanovski
creator: Staša Lalatović
creator: Nadežda Krstić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-03-04
publication date: 2025-03-04
starting page: 91
ending page: 113
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-44157

Specifičnosti bimodalno bilingvalne komunikacije
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description: Introduction. Bimodal bilingualism is a special linguistic phenomenon that refers to the mastery of both signed and spoken language. In contrast to unimodal bilingualism, bimodal bilinguals have the ability to use two languages simultaneously. In addition to deaf people, bimodal bilinguals primarily include hearing children of deaf parents and people with cochlear implants. Aim. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the characteristics of bimodal bilingualism based on an analysis of contemporary literature, as well as to provide an insight into the linguistic development of bimodal bilinguals and the advantages of this form of communication. Methods. Relevant electronic databases on the Internet were used for the literature research. Results. Bimodal bilingualism is one of the key aspects of a person’s identity. The simultaneous, early acquisition of two languages belonging to different modalities has a positive effect on each of the individual languages. The practical importance of bimodal bilingualism is great for both deaf and hearing people, as it provides them with a common language code and the efficiency of two-way communication. Conclusion. The study of bimodal bilingualism contributes to the affirmation and understanding of deaf and hearing people from deaf families. The positive effects of bimodality on the language development of deaf people show that research in this area needs to be encouraged.
subject: Review Paper
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creator: Mia Šešum
creator: Marina Šestić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-03-04
publication date: 2025-03-04
starting page: 129
ending page: 142
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-52379

Stavovi građana Srbije o medijskoj vidljivosti socijalnih usluga namenjenih osobama sa smetnjama u razvoju
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description: Introduction. The introduction discusses the issue of public perception of people with developmental disabilities and the connection of media visibility of social protection services with issues of social justice and social protection as a mechanism for establishing social justice and quality of life. Objective. The research objective, part of which we present in the paper, was to discover the relationship between media transparency of social protection services and the quality of life of service users. Method. The conducted research consists of two components. In the first part, we examined the media image of social protection services in Serbia by analyzing media content, while in the second component, we used surveys to examine citizens’ attitudes about the media visibility of social protection services for people with developmental disabilities. A total of 500 participants participated in the research, including 257 service users and 243 members of the general population selected by random sampling. Results. The presentation of results with discussion is focused on the data on media visibility of social services in Serbia for the period February – July 2018, and those results show that there is a need for more balanced and comprehensive media coverage of this topic. On the other hand, there is a presentation of the data obtained through the survey with a focus on the participants’ familiarity with the social services offered in Serbia and their views on the representation of this topic in the media and the importance of that representation. Conclusion. The results lead to the conclusion that the more visible social protection services are, the more effective their implementation is; that is, media visibility of social services for people with developmental disabilities contributes to raising the quality of life of people with disabilities. The findings underline the importance of media visibility in improving the rights and well-being of persons with development…
subject: Original Scientific Paper
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creator: Marina Vidojević
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-03-04
publication date: 2025-03-04
starting page: 115
ending page: 128
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-44216

Upotreba formalnih i neformalnih procedura procene u specijalnoj edukaciji i rehabilitaciji – percepcija stručnjaka i studenata
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description: Introduction. Assessment in special education and rehabilitation is a very important and continuous process involving gathering information to decide on further work procedures. Formal and informal assessment procedures are used in this process depending on the needs. Aim. The aim of the research is to determine whether there is a difference in the selection of procedures between the experts and students. Methods. The sample consisted of 181 respondents, of which 87 experts, 31 speech therapists, and 56 special educators. Out of 94 students examined, 61 attended the speech therapy program, and 33 attended the multiple disabilities program. The respondents’ average age was 25.54 years. Data collection was carried out using two online surveys, one of which was intended for experts and the other one for students. The surveys consisted of 19 questions, divided into five areas: general data on the person completing the survey, general information on the reason and usefulness of the assessment, organizing assessment, selection of assessment instruments and application of assessment in practice. Results. The largest number of experts, as well as students, opt for the use of informal assessment procedures. Speech therapists, however, prefer to choose formal procedures, while special educators more often rely on informal procedures. Most students in the speech therapy program prefer to use formal evaluation procedures in their future work, which is opposite to the preferences of students in the multiple disabilities program. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained by this research, it was concluded that informal assessment procedures are the most common choice among both target groups, which shows the recognition of the importance of this type of assessment, but also that professional guidance plays a major role in the selection of the procedures themselves.
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creator: Jovana Uzelac
creator: Milica Đurašinović
creator: Sandra Glamočak
creator: Staša Ivezić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-03-04
publication date: 2025-03-04
starting page: 61
ending page: 77
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-50352

Razumevanje jezika i verbalno pamćenje kod starijih osoba
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description: Introduction. In normal aging, certain language and cognitive functions may decline. Objective. The aim of this paper was to determine the ability of language comprehension and verbal memory in older people with normal aging. Method. The sample consisted of 50 respondents divided into three groups. The first two groups included older respondents. One group consisted of 19 respondents aged 66 to 75, while the other group included 15 respondents aged 76 to 85. The control group consisted of 16 respondents aged 30 to 60. The Token Test (TT) was used to assess language comprehension, and the Ray Auditory Verbal Memory Test (RAVLT) assessed verbal memory. Results. Elderly respondents aged 76 to 85 years were significantly worse on the TT compared to those aged 66 to 75 years (U = 79.50) and the control group (U = 50.50). Both groups of older respondents were significantly worse on all five repetitions of the RAVLT word list compared to the control group. Also, the younger group of elderly respondents (66-75 years old) achieved better scores on the first four repetitions of the word list compared to the older group (76- 85 years old). No statistically significant correlation was found between achievement on the TT and the RAVLT in any group of older respondents. Conclusion. Elderly people showed a decline in language comprehension and verbal memory. The decline is more prominent with ageing.
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creator: Verica Paunović
creator: Mile Vuković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
date: 2025-03-04
publication date: 2025-03-04
starting page: 79
ending page: 92
doi: 10.5937/specedreh24-50673