Sažetak
Apstrakt
Uvod/Cilj. Nedovoljna fizička aktivnost i sedentaran stil života utiču na stav kičmenog stuba kod adolescenata. Cilj rada bio je da se proceni povezanost nivoa fizičke aktivnosti i stava kičmenog stuba, kao i parametara fizičke sposobnosti kod mladih u ranom adolescentnom dobu (11– 14 godina života). Metode. Studijom preseka obuhvaćena su 532 adolescenta, uzrasta 11–14 godina. Studija je sprovedena u tri litvanske škole, u periodu od 2011. do 2013. godine. Za procenu fizičke aktivnosti korišćen je Upitnik fizičke aktivnosti omladinaca – the Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire (YPAC). Fizička aktivnost je procenjivana korišćenjem šestominutnog testa hodanja i određivanjem maksimalne potrošnje kiseonika (VO2max). Ostali parametri fizičke sposobnosti, kao što su opšti balans, savitljivost, eksplozivna snaga noge i izdržljivost trbušnih mišića procenjivani su primenom Evropskog testa fizičke sposobnosti – the European Fitnes Test (Eurofit). Prema vremenu posvećenom fizičkoj aktivnosti ispitanici su podeljeni u dve grupe – grupa sa niskim nivoom fizičke aktivnosti (I grupa) i grupa sa umerenim do visokim nivoom fizičke aktivnosti (II grupa). Upoređivani su rezultati stava kičmenog stuba i parametara fizičke sposobnosti među grupama, kao i povezanost trajanja fizičke aktivnosti umereno-visokog intenziteta, stava kičmenog stuba i parametara fizičke sposobnosti. Rezultati. Ukupno 22,2% adolescenata imalo je nizak nivo fizičke aktivnosti, a 16% nepravilan stav kičmenog stuba. Ispitanici I grupe bili su manje fizički sposobni i imali su lošiji stav kičmenog stuba od ispitanika II grupe. Za vreme šestominutnog testa hodanja, adolescenti I grupe hodali su prosečno 63,2 m manje (p = 0,002) i njihov VO2max bio je za 0,8 mL/kg/min niži od VO2max adolescenata II grupe (p = 0,006). Adolescenti I grupe bili su slabiji u eksplozivnoj snazi nogu i testu izdržljivosti trbušnih mišića u poređenju sa adolescentima II grupe. Nađena je slaba korelacija između trajanja fizičke aktivnosti umerenog do jakog intenziteta i stava kičmenog stuba, kao i nekih parametara fizičke sposobnosti. Zaključak. Adolescenti sa slabom fizičkom aktivnošću bili su manje fizički sposobni i imali lošiji stav kičmenog stuba nego adolescenti sa fizičkom aktivnošću umerenog do jakog intenziteta.
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