Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Propisivanje lekova je ključna komponenta zdravstvene zaštite starijih osoba. Stariji često koriste više lekova, a poznato je da polifarmacija može dovesti do interakcija lekova i neželjenih događaja. Cilj ove studije bio je da se analizira stalna upotreba lekova i prevalencija polifarmacije u starijoj populaciji u Republici Srpskoj, Bosna i Hercegovina. Metode. Izvršeno je retrospektivno istraživanje upotrebe lekova koji se izdaju na recept u 2005. i 2010. godini, kroz analizu lekova propisanih osobama starim ≥ 65 godina koji se izdaju na teret Fonda zdravstvenog osiguranja. Ispitivana populacija bila je podeljena prema polu i starosti. Stalna upotreba leka definisana je kao neprekidno izdavanje leka tokom cele godine ili najmanje dve trećine godine. Polifarmacija definisana je kao upotreba pet i više različitih lekova koji se izdaju na teret obaveznog zdravstvenog osiguranja. Rezultati. Od svih osiguranika starosti ≥ 65 godina, stalna upotreba lekova koji se izdaju na teret zdravstvenog osiguranja utvrđena je kod 10% (2005) i 19% (2010) starijih, od čega su 62% bile žene. Dva do četiri različita leka koristilo je gotovo 49% (2005) i 54% (2010) starijih osiguranika. Prevalencija polifarmacije porasla je sa 1,4% (2005) na 3,6% (2010), i to u svim starosnim grupama oba pola. Najveći porast primećen je u starosnoj grupi 65–74 godine. Porast prevalencije polifarmacije bio je veći kod žena. Najčešće su korišćeni lekovi za lečenje kardiovaskularnih bolesti, naročito lekovi za lečenje hipertenzije i bolesti srca. Zaključak. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na porast starije populacije koja stalno koristi lekove. Više od polovine starijih osiguranika stalno koristi 2–4 različita leka. Prevalencija polifarmacije je niska. U 5-godišnjem periodu porasla je kod oba pola. Porast je izraženiji kod žena svih starosnih grupa. Upotreba više lekova i polifarmacija rasli su sa godinama osiguranika.
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Reference
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