Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Adolescencija je period najvećeg rizika za početak upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci: pušenje cigareta, konzumacije alkohola i nezakonitih droga. U prvoj deceniji novog milenijuma zapažen je porast upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci kod adolescenata. Cilj rada bio je utvrđivanje prevalencije upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci kod adolescenata i povezanost sa sociodemografskim faktorima. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među adolescentima u Novom Sadu, tokom 2010–2011. godine, i uključilo je 594 adolescenta (275 muških i 319 ženskih), uzrasta 15–19 godina. Korišćen je anketni upitnik, specijalno sastavljen za ovo istraživanje. Statistička obrada rađena je u SPSS17. Povezanost parametara procenjivana je metodama korelacije po Pirsonu, a razlike frekvencija ispitane su pomoću χ2-testa. Početni stepen statističke značajnosti bio je p < 0,05. Rezultati. Rasprostranjenost upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci bila je statistički veća kod muškog pola. Cigarete je pušilo 21,45% muških i 15,67% ženskih (p < 0,01), alkohol konzumiralo 81,6% muških i 69,11% ženskih (p < 0,001) i nezakonite droge koristilo 13,65% muških i 8,30% ženskih ispitanika (p < 0,05). Postojala je pozitivna korelacija između pušenja cigareta i konzumiranja alkohola, a negativna kod korišćenja nezakonitih droga (p < 0,01). Učestalost upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci bila je statistički veća kod adolescenata koji imaju lošiji uspeh u školi (p < 0,01), žive u poremećenim porodicama (pušenje cigareta p < 0,5, nezakonite droge p < 0,01) i imaju veći nedeljni džeparac (pušenje cigareta p < 0,5; konzumiranja alkohola p < 0,01). Zaključak. Stabilna porodica, mali nedeljni džeparac i odličan uspeh u školi su protektivni faktori u prevenciji upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci kod adolescenata.
Ključne reči
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Array
Reference
Rakić D, Petrović Đ. Health of Children and Adolescents - A Handbook for health monitoring and improving the health of children and adolescents. Novi Sad: Rakić D; 2006. (Serbian)
Backović D, Maksimović M, Stevanović D. Psychosocial risk factors and substance abuse in adolescents. Vojnosanit Pregl 2007; 64(5): 331–6. (Serbian)
Bratberg GH, Nilsen TI, Holmen TL, Vatten LJ. Perceived puber-tal timing, pubertal status and the prevalence of alcohol drink-ing and cigarette smoking in early and late adolescence: a population based study of 8950 Norwegian boys and girls. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96(2): 292−5.
Stojadinović A. Protective and risk factors for engagement of adolescents in risky behaviors: smoking, drinking and drugs use [dissertation]. Novi Sad: Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad; 2004. (Serbian)
World Health Organization. HEALTH 21: The health for all pol-icy frameworks for the WHO European Region. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.
World Health Organization The World Health Report 1998. Life in the 21 st century. A vision for all. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.
Hibell B, Guttormsson U, Ahlström S, Balakireva O, Bjarnason T, Kokkevi A, et al. The 2011 ESPAD Report - Substance Use Among Students in 36 European Countries. Stockholm, Swe-den: The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); 2012.
Serbian Ministry of Health. European research on the use of al-cohol and other drug use among young people in Serbia. Bel-grade: Institute for Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovano-vić Batut“; 2009. (Serbian)
Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg J E. Moni-toring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2011. Ann Arbor: Institute for So-cial Research, The University of Michigan; 2012.
Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, Shanklin S, Flint KH, Hawkins J, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance – United States, 2011. MMWR Surveill Summ 2012; 61(4): 1−162.
Pavlović Z, Jakovljević B. Frequency and risk factors of the use of psychoactive substances among the young. Vojnosanit Pregl 2008; 65(6): 441–8. (Serbian)
Protocol and Guidelines. Countrywide Integrated Noncommuni-cable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) Programme (Revision 1994). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 1996.
Rakić D. Smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity among school children and adolescents [dissertation]. Novi Sad: Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad; 1996. (Ser-bian)
Marić M. Socio-demographic factors and substance use in adolescence. Population 2011; 49(2): 91−113. (Serbian)
Radovanović S, Milić Č, Kocić S. General characteristics of psy-choactive substances consumption and abuse among high school population. Med Pregl 2010; 63 (9−10): 616−9. (Ser-bian)
Rakić D, Rakić B, Stojšić Đ, Jakovljević Đ. Risky behaviour among youth in Novi Sad and in the world. In: Nedeljković SI, editor. The Yugoslav study of the precursors of atherosclerosis in school children. Beograde: Faculty of Medicine; 2011. p.1062−72. (Serbian)
Pipe AL, Eisenberg MJ, Gupta A, Reid RD, Suskin NG, Stone JA. Smoking cessation and the cardiovascular specialist: Canadian Cardiovascular Society position paper. Can J Cardiol 2011; 27(2): 132−7.
Knežević T, Simić D, Ivanović I. Youth Health in Serbia. Final re-port. Belgrade: Institute for Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“; 2009. (Serbian)
WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011. Warning about the dangerous of tobacco. Geneva: WHO; 2011. Avail-able from: http://www.who.int/tobaco/global_report/2011/
Tobacco Control in Practice. Article 13: Tobacco advertising, pro-motion and sponsorship. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2012.
Kosić D, Đurković D, Ilić D, Brandić I, Kilibarda B, Stojšić D. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Serbia – Review of the country 2009 Luxem-bourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2009.
Milani RM, Parrott AC, Schifano F, Turner JJ. Pattern of cannabis use in ecstasy polydrug users: moderate cannabis use may compensate for self-rated aggression and somatic symptoms. Hum Psychopharmacol 2005; 20(4): 249−61.
Torabi MR, Bailey WJ, Majd-Jabbari M. Cigarette smoking as a predictor of alcohol and other drug use by children and ado-lescents: evidence of the "gateway drug effect". J Sch Health 2003; 63(7): 302−6.
McCabe SE, Teter CJ, Boyd CJ. The use, misuse and diversion of prescription stimulants among middle and high school stu-dents. Subst Use Misuse 2004; 39(7): 1095–116.
Slater MD, Kelly KJ, Edwards RW, Thurman PJ, Plested BA, Keefe TJ, et al. Combining in-school and community-based media efforts: reducing marijuana and alcohol uptake among younger adolescents. Health Educ Res 2006; 21(1): 157−67.
Faeh D, Viswanathan B, Chiolero A, Warren W, Bovet P. Clustering of smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use in adolescents in a rapidly developing country. BMC Public Health 2006; 6: 169.
Myers MG, Mac Pherson L. Smoking cessation efforts among substance abusing adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2004; 73(2): 209−13.
Myers MG, Brown SA. A controlled study of a cigarette smok-ing cessation intervention for adolescents in substance abuse treatment. Psychol Addict Behav 2005; 19(2): 230−3.
Ellickson PL, McGuigan KA, Klein DJ. Predictors of late-onset smoking and cessation over 10 years. J Adolesc Health 2001; 29(2): 101–8.
Backović D, Marinković J, Grujučić-Šipetić S, Maksimović M. Differ-ences in substance use patterns among youth living in foster care institutions and in birth families. Drugs Educ Prev Policy 2006; 13(4): 341−51.
Olds RS, Thombs DL. The relationship of adolescent percep-tions of peer norms and parent involvement to cigarette and alcohol use. J Sch Health 2001; 71(6): 223–8.
Simons-Morton B, Haynie DL, Crump AD, Eitel SP, Saylor KE. Peer and parent influences on smoking and drinking among early adolescents. Health Educ Behav 2001; 28(1): 95–107.
Galea S, Nandi A, Vlahov D. The social epidemiology of sub-stance use. Epidemiol Rev 2004; 26: 36–52.