Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Gojaznost je hronično i relapsirajuće oboljenje, a od skoro se smatra i globalnom epidemijom. U trenutnim smernicama za trojno lečenje gojaznosti ističe se program modifikacije životnog stila koji obuhvata medicinsku nutritivnu terapiju, aerobne vežbe i bihejvioralnu intervenciju. Cilj rada bio je da se proceni da li specifični psihološki faktori (opšti stavovi i uverenja i tolerancija na frustraciju) mogu biti prediktori uspešnog gubitka telesne mase, odnosno faktori na koje je moguće uticati u integrativnom terapijskom pristupu. Metode. Ukupno 84 konsekutivne predgojazne i gojazne ispitanice, bez pridruženih bolesti ili stanja, homogene po godinama, obrazovanju, bračnom i profesionalnom statusu, dobile su jednak program medicinske nutritivne terapije, kao jedinu terapijsku intervenciju tokom šest meseci. Pre početka lečenja primenjene su Skala opštih stavova i uverenja (General Attitude and Belief Scale – GABS) i Upitnik frustracione netolerancije (Frustration Discomfort Scale – FDS). Ispitanice su podeljene u dve grupe: uspešnu (grupa A) i neuspešnu (grupa B). Grupa A, odnosno uspešna grupa [ispitanice sa srednjom vrednošću indeksa telesne mase (ITM) ± standardna devijacija (SD) 24,1 ± 5,81 kg/m2] sastojala se od 40 ispitanica koje su dostigle odgovarajući gubitak, tj.
izgubile ≥ 10% početne telesne mase (TM). Grupa B, odnosno neuspešna grupa (ispitanice sa srednjom vrednošću ITM ± SD 28,51 ± 2,74 kg/m2) sastojala od 44 ispitanice koje nisu dostigle odgovarajući gubitak, tj. izgubile su < 10% početne TM. Rezultati. Ispitanice u grupi B imale su značajno više skorove (p < 0,05) na subskalama GABS Potreba za priznanjem, Potreba za komforom i Obezvređivanje drugih osoba. Statistički značajna razlika između grupa (p < 0,05) pokazana je za FDS subskale Emocionalna netolerancija, Pravednost i Frustracije vezane za postignuća. Zaključak. Rezultati našeg istraživanja su pokazali da su ispitanice koje su bile neuspešne u sprovođenju medicinske nutritivne terapije imale viši nivo disfunkcionalnih stavova i uverenja i više skorove frustracione netolerancije u poređenju sa onima koje su bile uspešne u tome. Preporuka, bazirana na našim rezultatima, mogla bi biti da se u integrativni model lečenja gojaznosti uključe i psihoterapijske tehnike, usmerene na kognitivne promene i povećanje tolerancije na frustraciju.
Ključne reči
prognoza;
psihologija;
ankete i upitnici.
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